Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T23:16:08.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fertilizer application method affects nitrogen uptake in weeds and wheat

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Robert E. Blackshaw ,
Gregory Semach  and
H. Henry Janzen
Gregory Semach
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
H. Henry Janzen
Affiliation:
Lethbridge Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, P.O. Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Managing fertilizer in cropping systems may be an important component of integrated weed management programs. A field study was conducted to determine the effect of various application methods of the 15N-enriched nitrogen (N) fertilizer on N uptake in green foxtail, wild mustard, and spring wheat and on crop–weed competition. N application methods consisted of ammonium nitrate in solution applied broadcast on the soil surface, applied in pools on the soil surface at 20-cm intervals between every second wheat row, and point injected 10 cm deep at intervals similar to those of the surface pools. An unfertilized control treatment was also included. N uptake by green foxtail throughout the growing season was often greater from surface broadcast than from surface pools or point-injected N and was sometimes greater from surface pools than from point-injected N. In contrast, N uptake by wild mustard was rarely affected by the fertilizer placement method. In the presence of weeds, the ranking of N uptake by wheat usually was point injected > surface pools > surface broadcast. Weed biomass was often greater with surface broadcast than with either surface pools or point-injected N. In the absence of weeds, wheat yields were similar across the three N application methods. However, in the presence of green foxtail, wheat yields were greater with point-injected N than with surface broadcast N in two of the 3 yr and with surface pools of N in one of the 3 yr. In the presence of wild mustard, wheat yields were greater with surface pools and point-injected N compared with the unfertilized control in two of the 3 yr, whereas yields with broadcast N were never greater than the unfertilized control. Study findings suggest that point-injected N results in suppressed weed growth, not by reduced N uptake by weeds but instead by greater N uptake by wheat that increases its competitiveness with weeds. Information gained in this study will be utilized to develop a more integrated program for weed management in spring wheat.

Keywords

Green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIwild mustard, Brassica kaber (DC.) L. C. Wheeler SINARspring wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Katepwa’Grain proteinnitrogen uptakeshoot nitrogen contentweed interferencewheat yield
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 50 , Issue 5 , October 2002 , pp. 634 - 641
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agenbag, G. A. and Villiers, O. T. 1989. The effect of nitrogen fertilizers on the germination and seedling emergence of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seed in different soil types. Weed Res. 29:239–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ampong-Nyarko, K. and de Datta, S. K. 1993. Effects of nitrogen application on growth, nitrogen use efficiency and rice-weed interaction. Weed Res. 33:269–276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackshaw, R. E., Semach, G., Li, X., O’Donovan, J. T., and Harker, K. N. 2000. Tillage, fertiliser and glyphosate timing effects on foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum) management in wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80:655–660.Google Scholar
Carlson, H. L. and Hill, J. E. 1985. Wild oat (Avena fatua) competition with spring wheat: effects of nitrogen fertilization. Weed Sci. 34:29–33.Google Scholar
Carter, M. R. and Rennie, D. A. 1984. Crop utilization of placed and broadcast 15N-urea fertilization under zero and conventional tillage. Can. J. Soil Sci. 64:563–570.Google Scholar
Cochran, V. L., Morrow, L. A., and Schirman, R. D. 1990. The effect of N placement on grass weeds and winter wheat in three tillage systems. Soil Tillage Res. 18:347–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dhima, K. V. and Eleftherohorinos, I. G. 2001. Influence of nitrogen on competition between winter cereals and sterile oat. Weed Sci. 49:77–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 1995. Approaches for improving crop competitiveness through the manipulation of fertilization strategies. Weed Sci. 43:491–497.Google Scholar
Fawcett, R. S. and Slife, F. W. 1978. Effects of field applications of nitrate on weed seed germination and dormancy. Weed Sci. 26:594–596.Google Scholar
Gill, K. S., Arshad, M. A., and Moyer, J. R. 1997. Cultural control of weeds. Pages 242–243 In Pimental, D., ed. Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Hoffman, M. L., Owen, M.D.K., and Buhler, D. D. 1998. Effects of crop and weed management on density and vertical distribution of weed seeds in soil. Agron. J. 90:793–799.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iqbal, J. and Wright, D. 1997. Effects of nitrogen supply on competition between wheat and three annual weed species. Weed Res. 37:391–400.Google Scholar
Janzen, H. H. and Lindwall, C. W. 1989. Optimum application parameters for point injection of nitrogen in winter wheat. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1878–1883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Janzen, H. H., Lindwall, C. W., and Roppel, C. J. 1990. Relative efficiency of point-injection and surface applications for N fertilization of winter wheat. Can. J. Soil Sci. 70:189–201.Google Scholar
Kirkland, K. J. and Beckie, H. J. 1998. Contribution of nitrogen fertilizer placement to weed management in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 12:507–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehler, F. E., Cochran, V. L., and Rasmussen, P. E. 1987. Fertilizer placement for nutrient flow and crop response in conservation tillage. Pages 57–61 In Elliot, L. F., ed. STEEP: Conservation Concepts and Accomplishments. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Publications.Google Scholar
Liebman, M. and Janke, R. J. 1990. Sustainable weed management practices. Pages 119–123 In Francis, C. A., Flora, C. B., and King, L. D., eds. Sustainable Agriculture in Temperate Zones. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Malhi, S. S., Nyborg, M., and Solberg, E. D. 1996. Influence of source, method of placement and simulated rainfall on the recovery of 15N-labelled fertilizers under zero tillage. Can. J. Soil Sci. 76:93–100.Google Scholar
Mesbah, A. O. and Miller, S. D. 1999. Fertilizer placement affects jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) competition in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 13:374–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Donovan, J. T., McAndrew, D. A., and Thomas, A. G. 1997. Tillage and nitrogen influence weed population dynamics in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Weed Technol. 11:502–509.Google Scholar
O’Donovan, J. T., de St. Remy, E. A., O’Sullivan, P. A., Dew, D., and Sharma, A. K. 1985. Influence of relative time of emergence of wild oat (Avena fatua) on yield loss of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 33:498–503.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. T. 1995. Effects of environmental stress on weed/crop interactions. Weed Sci. 43:483–490.Google Scholar
Peterson, D. E. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1992. Environment influences green foxtail (Setaria viridis) competition with wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Technol. 6:606–610.Google Scholar
Qasem, J. R. 1992. Nutrient accumulation by weeds and their associated vegetable crops. J. Hortic. Sci. 67:189–195.Google Scholar
Rao, S. C. and Dao, T. H. 1996. Nitrogen placement and tillage effects on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and redistribution in winter wheat. Agron. J. 88:365–371.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, P. E. 1995. Effects of fertilizer and stubble burning on downy brome competition in winter wheat. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 26:951–960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raun, W. R. and Johnson, G. V. 1999. Improving nitrogen use efficiency for cereal production. Agron. J. 9:357–363.Google Scholar
Reinertsen, M. R., Cochran, V. L., and Morrow, L. A. 1984. Response of spring wheat to N fertilizer placement, row spacing, and wild oat herbicides in a no-till system. Agron. J. 76:753–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, T. L., Janzen, H. H., and Lindwall, C. W. 1992. Nitrogen fertilization of spring wheat by point-injection. J. Prod. Agric. 5:586–590.Google Scholar
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 173–177.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L. 1993. Fundamentals of Weed Science. New York: Academic Press. pp. 122–128.Google Scholar