Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T01:57:35.980Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Vijay K. Nandula ,
Thomas W. Eubank ,
Daniel H. Poston ,
Clifford H. Koger  and
Krishna N. Reddy
Thomas W. Eubank
Affiliation:
Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 38776
Daniel H. Poston
Affiliation:
Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS 38776
Clifford H. Koger
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
Krishna N. Reddy
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS Southern Weed Science Research Unit, P.O. Box 345, Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The influence of environmental factors on germination and emergence of horseweed was examined in growth chamber experiments. Germination was highest (61%) under 24/20 C day/night temperature under light. Horseweed seed germination was observed under both light (13 h photoperiod) and complete darkness (24 h), but germination under continuous darkness was only 0 to 15% compared with 0 to 61% under light. All other experiments were conducted under 24/20 C and 13-h light conditions. Germination was 19 to 36% over a pH range from 4 to 10, with a trend toward higher germination under neutral-to-alkaline conditions. Horseweed germination was > 20% at < 40 mM NaCl concentration and lowest (4%) at 160 mM NaCl. These data suggest that even at high soil salinity conditions, horseweed can germinate. Germination of horseweed decreased from 25% to 2% as osmotic potential increased from 0 (distilled water) to −0.8 MPa, indicating that germination can still occur under moderate water stress conditions. Horseweed seedling emergence was at its maximum on the soil surface, and no seedlings emerged from seeds placed at a depth of 0.5 cm or higher.

Keywords

Horseweed, Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. ERICAEmergencelightosmotic stresspHphotoperiodsalt stresstemperature
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 898 - 902
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Anonymous. 2003. Phosphorus in Mississippi soils. Stoneville, MS: Mississippi State University Extension Service Information Sheet 871.Google Scholar
Balyan, R. S. and Bhan, V. M. 1986. Germination of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum) in relation to temperature, storage conditions, and seedling depths. Weed Sci. 34:513–515.Google Scholar
Benech Arnold, R. L., Ghersa, C. M., Sanchez, R. A., and Insausti, P. 1990. Temperature effects on dormancy release and germination rate in Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. seeds: a quantitative analysis. Weed Res. 30:81–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhowmik, P. C. and Bekech, M. M. 1993. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) seed production, emergence, and distribution in no-tillage and conventional-tillage corn (Zea mays). Agron. Trends Agric. Sci. 1:67–71.Google Scholar
Boykin, D. L., Carle, R. R., Ranney, C. D., and Shanklin, R. 1995. Weather Data Summary for 1964–1993 for Stoneville, MS. Mississippi State, MS: Mississippi State University, Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station Technical Bulletin 201. 49 p.Google Scholar
Bradshaw, L. D., Padgette, S. R., Kimball, S. L., and Wells, B. H. 1997. Perspectives on glyphosate resistance. Weed Technol. 11:189–198.Google Scholar
Brown, S. M. and Whitwell, T. 1988. Influence of tillage on horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Technol. 2:269–270.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1992. Population dynamics and control of annual weeds in corn (Zea mays) as influenced by tillage systems. Weed Sci. 40:241–248.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Owen, M. D. K. 1997. Emergence and survival of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Sci. 45:98–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chachalis, D. and Reddy, K. N. 2000. Factors affecting Campsis radicans seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Sci. 48:212–216.Google Scholar
Evetts, L. L. and Burnside, O. C. 1972. Germination and seedling development of common milkweed and other species. Weed Sci. 20:371–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, L. J., Doll, E., Holm, P. J., and Herberger, J. 1997. World Weeds, Natural Histories and Distribution. New York: J Wiley. Pp. 226–235.Google Scholar
Jain, R. and Singh, M. 1989. Factors affecting goatweed (Scoparia dulcis) seed germination. Weed Sci. 37:766–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koger, C. H., Poston, D. H., Hayes, R. M., and Montgomery, R. F. 2004a. Glyphosate-resistant horseweed (Conyza canadensis) in Mississippi. Weed Technol. 18:820–825.Google Scholar
Koger, C. H., Poston, D. H., and Eubank, T. W. 2005. Factors affecting germination of horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 58:218.Google Scholar
Koger, C. H., Reddy, K. N., and Poston, D. H. 2004b. Factors affecting seed germination, seedling emergence, and survival of texasweed (Caperonia palustris). Weed Sci. 52:989–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehoczki, E., Laskay, G., Polos, E., and Mikulas, J. 1984. Resistance to triazine herbicides in horseweed (Conyza canadensis). Weed Sci. 32:669–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehoczki, E., Laskay, G., Gaal, I., and Szigeti, Z. 1992. Mode of action of paraquat in leaves of paraquat-resistant Conyza canadensis . Plant Cell Environ. 15:531–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miles, J. E., Nishimoto, R. K., and Kawabata, O. 1996. Diurnally alternating temperatures stimulate sprouting of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tubers. Weed Sci. 44:122–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nishimoto, R. K. and McCarty, L. B. 1997. Fluctuating temperatures and light influence seed germination of goosegrass (Eleusine indica). Weed Sci. 45:426–429.Google Scholar
Reddy, K. N. and Singh, M. 1992. Germination and emergence of hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa). Weed Sci. 40:195–199.Google Scholar
Regehr, D. and Bazzaz, F. 1979. The population dynamics of Erigeron canadensis, a successional winter annual. J. Ecol. 67:923–934.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, D. R., Mack, R. E., and Smith, C. A. 1991. Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) germination and emergence. Weed Sci. 39:33–36.Google Scholar
Singh, M. and Achhireddy, N. R. 1984. Germination and ecology of milkweedvine (Morrenia odorata). Weed Sci. 32:781–785.Google Scholar
Smisek, A., Doucet, C., Jones, M., and Weaver, S. 1998. Paraquat resistance in horseweed (Conyza canadensis) and Virginia pepperweed (Lepidium virginicum) from Essex County, Ontario. Weed Sci. 46:200–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steuter, A. A., Mozafar, A., and Goodin, J. R. 1981. Water potential of aqueous polyethylene glycol. Plant. Physiol. 67:64–67.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:135–154.Google Scholar
Van Gessel, M. J. 2001. Glyphosate-resistant horseweed from Delaware. Weed Sci. 49:703–705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vencill, W. K. and Banks, P. A. 1994. Effects of tillage systems and weed management on weed populations in grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Weed Sci. 42:541–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, S. E. 2001. The biology of Canadian weeds. 115. Conyza canadensis . Can. J. Plant Sci. 81:867–875.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. G. Jr. 1979. Germination and seedling development of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Sci. 27:146–151.Google Scholar