Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T13:49:16.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Row Spacing, Benomyl, and Duration of Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference on Soybean (Glycine max) Yields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Chester G. McWhorter  and
Gabe L. Sciumbato
Chester G. McWhorter
Affiliation:
South. Weed Sci. Lab., Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Stoneville, MS 38776
Gabe L. Sciumbato
Affiliation:
Delta Branch, Mississippi Agric. and For. Exp. Stn., Stoneville, MS 38776
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted during a 3-yr period to study the effects of three soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] row spacings, four periods of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L. # CASOB) competition, and timing of fungicide application for control of seed and foliar diseases of soybeans on soybean yields and growth of sicklepod Competition of sicklepod for 4 weeks reduced soybean yields in 2 of the 3 yr. Competition for the entire season significantly reduced the yield of soybeans regardless of row spacing. Average soybean yields were higher with 51-cm row spacings than with 102-cm row spacings regardless of fungicide treatment or period of sicklepod competition. Foliar applications of benomyl significantly increased soybean yields in only 1 of 3 yr. Sicklepod plants did not grow taller than soybeans until more than 96 days after emergence. Greatest rate of increase in weights of individual sicklepod plants and growth of axillary branches was in the period from 72 to 96 days after emergence. During this time, there was about an 8-fold increase in the number of leaves produced by sicklepod plants. The most rapid daily increase in height of sicklepod was in the period from 96 to 100 days after emergence when more than 50% of the total growth occurred. Height and weight of sicklepod plants were less when soybeans were grown in 25-cm row spacings than in 102-cm row spacings. No differences were noted in die internal microflora of soybean seed collected from fold plots with regard to the presence of sicklepod, duration of sicklepod interference, or timing of fungicide application.

Keywords

CompetitionIPMsoybean diseasesseed qualityseed microfloraCASOB
Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 36 , Issue 2 , March 1988 , pp. 254 - 259
Copyright
Copyright © 1988 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Backmon, P. A., Rodriquez-Kabana, R., Hammond, J. M., and Thurlow, D. L. 1979. Cultivar, environment, and fungicide effects on foliar disease losses in soybeans. Phytopathology 69:562–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Barrentine, W. L. 1974. Common cocklebur competition in soybeans. Weed Sci. 22:600–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Beaver, J. S. and Johnson, R. R. 1981. Yield stability of determinate and indeterminate soybeans adapted to the northern United States. Crop Sci. 21:449–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Bowman, J. E., Hartman, G. L., McCleary, R. D., Sinclair, J. B., Hummel, J. W., and Wax, L. M. 1986. Effects of weed control and row spacing in conventional tillage, reduced tillage, and nontillage on soybean seed quality. Plant Dis. 70:673–676.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Burnside, O. C. 1979. Soybean (Glycine max) growth as affected by weed removal, cultivar, and row spacing. Weed Sci. 27:562–565.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Cerkauskas, R. F., Dhingra, O. D., Sinclair, J. B., and Asmus, G. 1983. Amaranthus spinosus, Leonotis nepetaefolia, and Leonurus Sibiricus: New hosts of Phomopsis spp. in Brazil. Plant Dis. 67:821–824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Cooper, R. L. 1981. Development of short-statured soybean cultivars. Crop Sci. 21:127–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Costa, J. A., Oplinger, E. S., and Pendleton, J. W. 1980. Response of soybean cultivars to planting patterns. Agron. J. 72:153–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Dhingra, O. D. and de Silva, J. F. 1978. Effect on weed control on the internally seedborne fungi in soybean seeds. Plant Dis. Rep. 62:513–516.Google Scholar
10. Doss, D. B. and Thurlow, D. L. 1974. Irrigation, row width, and plant population in relation to growth characteristics of two soybean varieties. Agron. J. 66:620–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Flint, E. P., Patterson, D. T., Mortensen, D. A., Reichers, G. H., and Beyers, J. L. 1984. Temperature effects on growth and leaf production in three weed species. Weed Sci. 32:655–663.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Green, D. E., Burlamaqui, P. F., and Shibles, R. 1977. Performance of randomly selected soybean lines with semideterminate and indeterminate growth habits. Crop Sci. 17:335–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Grau, C. R. and Radke, V. L. 1984. Effects of cultivars and cultural practices on Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Plant Dis. 68:56–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Hartman, G. L., Manandhar, J. B., and Sinclair, J. B. 1986. Incidence of Colletotrichum spp. on soybeans and weeds in Illinois and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum . Plant Dis. 70:780–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Heatherly, L. G. 1981. Soybean response to tillage of Sharkey clay soil. Miss. State Univ. Exp. Stn. Bull. 892. 12 pp.Google Scholar
16. Heatherly, L. G. and Sciumbato, G. L. 1986. Effect of benomyl fungicide and irrigation on soybean seed yield and yield components. Crop Sci. 26:352–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Helbig, J. B. and Carroll, R. B. 1984. Dicolyledonous weeds as a source of Fusarium oxysporum pathogenic on soybean. Plant Dis. 68:694–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Helsel, Z. R., Johnston, T. J., and Hart, L. P. 1981. Soybean production in Michigan. Michigan State Univ. Bull. E-1549. 6 pp.Google Scholar
19. Hepperly, P. R., Kirkpatrick, B. L., and Sinclair, J. B. 1980. Autilon theophrasti: Wild host for three fungal parasites of soybean. Pathopathology 70:307–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Johnson, R. J. 1987. Crop management. Pages 355–390 in Wilcox, J. R., ed. Soybeans: Improvement, Production, and Uses. 2nd ed. Monograph No. 16. Am. Soc. Agron., Madison, WI.Google Scholar
21. Jordan, C. W. 1981. Soybean planting guidelines for Mississippi. Mississippi State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. 1289. 4 pp.Google Scholar
22. Jordan, C. W. 1983. Soybeans, plant populations and seeding rates. Mississippi State Univ. Coop. Ext. Serv. Publ. 1194. 4 pp.Google Scholar
23. Mmbaga, M. T., Grau, C. R., and Amy, D. C. 1979. Septoria glycines brown spot of soybean effect of row width and tillage practice on disease development. Phytopathology 69:541.Google Scholar
24. Palmer, R. D. 1980. Category 1. Weed survey - southern states. Res. Rep. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 33:165–197.Google Scholar
25. Pataky, J. K. and Lim, S. M. 1981. Effects of row width and plant growth habit on Septoria brown spot development and soybean Glycine max yield Phytopathology 71:1051–1056.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Phillips, D. V. 1984. Performance of foliar fungicides on soybeans in Georgia. Plant Dis. 68:558–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27. Probst, A. H. 1945. Influence of spacing on yield and other characters in soybeans. Agron. J. 37:549–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. Retzinger, E. J. Jr. 1984. Growth and development of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) selections. Weed Sci. 32:608–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29. Ross, J. P. 1975. Effect of overhead irrigation and benomyl sprays on late-season foliar diseases, seed infection, and yields of soybean. Plant Dis. Rep. 59:809–813.Google Scholar
30. Ryder, G. J. and Beuerlein, J.E. 1979. A study of soybean production systems. Ohio Rep. 64(2): 19–22.Google Scholar
31. Siemens, J. C., ed. 1979. Tillage systems for Illinois. Agric. Ext. Serv. Circ. 1172. Univ. Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. 22 pp.Google Scholar
32. Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics. 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York. 633 pp.Google Scholar
33. Talbert, R. E. Chairman. 1984. Weed survey - southern states. Res. Rep. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 37:196–197.Google Scholar
34. Teem, D. H., Hoveland, C. S., and Buchanan, G. A. 1974. Primary root elongation of three weed species. Weed Sci. 22:47–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35. Teem, D. H., Hoveland, C. S., and Buchanan, G. A. 1980. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) and coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis): Geographic distribution, germination, and emergence. Weed Sci. 28:68–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36. TeKrony, D. M., Egli, D. B., Stuckey, R. E., and Loeffler, T. M. 1985. Effect of benomyl applications on soybean seedborne fungi, seed germination, and yield Plant Dis. 69:763–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37. Thurlow, D. L. and Buchanan, G. A. 1972. Competition of sicklepod with soybeans. Weed Sci. 20:379–384.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38. Walker, R. H., Patterson, M. G., Hauser, E., Isenhour, D. J., Todd, J. W., and Buchanan, G. A. 1984. Effects of insecticide, weed-free period, and row spacing on soybean (Glycine max) and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) growth. Weed Sci. 32:702–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39. Wax, L. M., Nave, W. R., and Cooper, R. L. 1977. Weed control in narrow- and wide-row soybeans. Weed Sci. 25:73–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Wax, L. M. and Pendleton, J. W. 1968. Effect of row spacing on weed control in soybeans. Weed Sci. 16:462–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41. Weber, C. R. and Staniforth, D. W. 1957. Competitive relationships in variable weed and soybean stands. Agron. J. 49:440–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42. Wiggans, R. G. 1939. The influence of space and arrangement on the production of soybean plants. Agron. J. 31:314–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43. Wilbur, R. L. 1963. The leguminous plants of North Carolina. N.C Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. No. 151. 294 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44. Wilcox, J. R. 1974. Response of three soybean strains to equidistant spacings. Agron. J. 66:409–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar