Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T21:22:06.752Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of environmental factors on germination and emergence of Amaranthus retroflexus

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. Ghorbani ,
W. Seel  and
C. Leifert
W. Seel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
C. Leifert
Affiliation:
Aberdeen University Center for Organic Argiculture (AUCOA), Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Aberdeen, St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, Scotland, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Detailed knowledge about the environmental conditions required for weed seed germination and establishment in soil is an important prerequisite for the development of integrated and biological weed control strategies. Germination and establishment of Amaranthus retroflexus were studied at different temperatures, planting depths, soil types, nitrogen supply, and water potentials. The minimum temperature for seed germination was > 5 C; maximum germination occurred between 35 and 40 C. At temperatures between 25 and 35 C, an additive effect on germination rate was observed when temperature and water availability were increased. For all soils tested, the percentage emergence of seeds placed on the soil surface and 4 cm deep was significantly lower than seeds placed between 0.5 and 3 cm. Emergence in the four sandy soils was generally greater than in the two heavier soils included in the study. There was a highly significant interaction between seed depth and soil type. Plant growth was also greatest in the lighter soils. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight, and nitrogen and carbon percentage in plant tissues of A. retroflexus increased significantly with increasing soil nitrogen supply.

Keywords

Amaranthus retroflexus L., redroot pigweed, AMAREEcophysiologyseed bedsowing depthnitrogenweed managementAMARE
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 505 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agrawal, P. K. and Dadlani, M. 1992. Techniques in Seed Science and Technology. South Asian Publishers PVT. LTD. Google Scholar
Barralis, G. and Gasaquez, J. 1987. Investigation on herbicide resistant weeds. Eur. Weed Res. Soc. Newsl. 38:5–10.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1977. Role of temperature in the germination ecology of three summer annual weeds. Oecologia 30:377–382.Google Scholar
Bibbey, R. O. 1935. The influence of environment upon the germination of weed seeds. Sci. Agric. 16:141–150.Google Scholar
Bürki, H. M., Schroeder, D., Lawrie, J., et al. 1997. Biological control of pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. bouchonii Thell.) with phytophagous insect, fungal pathogens and crop management. Integr. Pest Manag. Rev. 2:51–59.Google Scholar
Burlyn, E. M. and Kaufmann, M. R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiol. 51:914–916.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Dekker, J., et al. 1997. Weed seedbank emergence across the corn belt. Weed Sci. 45:67–76.Google Scholar
Frost, R. A. and Cavers, P. B. 1974. The ecology of pigweeds (Amaranthus) in Ontario. I. Interspecific and intraspecific variation in seed germination among local collections of A. powellii and A. retroflexus. Can. J. Bot. 53:1276–1284.Google Scholar
Fyfield, T. P. and Gregory, P. J. 1989. Effects of temperature and water potential on germination, radicle elongation and emergence of mungbean. J. Exp. Bot. 40:667–674.Google Scholar
Gallagher, R. S. and Cardina, J. 1998. Phytochrome-mediated Amaranthus germination. I: effect of seed burial and germination temperature. Weed Sci. 46:48–52.Google Scholar
Gutterman, Y., Corbineau, F., and Come, D. 1992. Interrelated effects of temperature, light and oxygen on Amaranthus caudatus L. seed germination. Weed Res. 32:111–117.Google Scholar
Habib, S. A. and Morton, H. L. 1987. The combined effect of temperature and water potential on side oats grama and redroot pigweed seeds germination. Iraq J. Agric. Sci. 5:15–24.Google Scholar
Kadman-Zahavi, A. 1960. Effect of short and continuous illuminations on the germination of Amaranthus retroflexus seeds. Isr. J. Bot. 9D:1–20.Google Scholar
Kigel, J., Ofir, M., and Koller, D. 1977. Control of the germination responses of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds by their parental photothermal environment. J. Exp. Bot. 28:1125–1136.Google Scholar
King, G. A. and Oliver, L. R. 1994. A model for predicting large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) emergence as influenced by temperature and water potential. Weed Sci. 42:561–567.Google Scholar
Martinez, M. L., Valverde, T., and Moreno-Casasola, P. 1992. Germination response to temperature, salinity, light and depth of sowing of ten tropical dune species. Oecologia 92:343–353.Google Scholar
McWilliams, E. L., Landers, R. Q., and Mahlstede, J. P. 1968. Variation in seed weight and germination in population of Amaranthus retroflexus L. Ecology 49:290–296.Google Scholar
Singh, K. P., and Singh, K. 1982. Stress physiological studies on seed germination and seedling growth of some wheat hybrids. Indian J. Plant Physiol. 25:180–186.Google Scholar
Siriwardana, G. D. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Competition between barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Weed Sci. 32:218–222.Google Scholar
Washitani, I. and Takenaka, A. 1984. Germination responses of a non-dormant seed population of Amaranthus patulus Bertol. to constant temperatures in the sub-optimal range. Plant Cell Environ. 7:353–358.Google Scholar
Weaver, S. E., Tan, C. S., and Brain, P. 1987. Effect of temperature and soil moisture on time of emergence of tomato and four weed species. Can. Plant Sci. 68:877–886.Google Scholar
Webb, D, Smith, M. C. W., and Schulz-Schaeffer, J. 1987. Amaranthus seedling emergence is affected by seeding depth and temperature on a thermogradient plate. Agron. J. 79:23–26.Google Scholar
Webster, R. 1965. The measurement of soil water tension in the field. New Phytopathol. 65:249–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiese, A. M. and Binning, L. K. 1987. Calculating the threshold temperature of development for weeds. Weed Sci. 35:177–179.Google Scholar