Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:03:49.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of tillage on timing of Setaria spp. emergence and growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Lizabeth A. B. Stahl ,
Gregg A. Johnson ,
Ronald L. Wyse ,
Douglas D. Buhler  and
Jeffrey L. Gunsolus
Lizabeth A. B. Stahl
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Ronald L. Wyse
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Douglas D. Buhler
Affiliation:
National Soil Tilth Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2150 Pammel Drive, Ames, IA 50011
Jeffrey L. Gunsolus
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Weed management can be a significant challenge in cropping systems, partly because the effects of tillage systems on weed seedbank and seedling population dynamics are not well understood. Field research was conducted from 1994 to 1996 in established tillage plots consisting of moldboard plow (MP), chisel plow (CP), and no-tillage (NT). The objectives were to determine the effects of long-term tillage systems on the timing and duration of Setaria spp. emergence and percentage cumulative emergence from the soil seedbank and to investigate the effect of tillage on Setaria spp. density and seed production following glyphosate application at Setaria spp. heights of 5, 10, and 15 cm. NT contained a greater number of Setaria spp. seed in the 0- to 1-, 1- to 3-, and 3- to 6-cm depths than MP or CP systems. There was little difference between the three tillage systems at depths greater than 6 cm. Setaria spp. emergence was greater in NT than in MP or CP in 1994 and 1996 and greater than in MP in 1995. There was a substantial increase in Setaria spp. emergence in NT between 3 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP) in 1994 and between 5 and 6 WAP in 1995 and 1996. Significant emergence did not occur past 5 to 6 WAP in 1994 and 1995 but continued over a longer period of time in 1996. Setaria spp. plants consistently reached targeted herbicide application heights 4 to 9 d earlier in NT than in CP and MP. In 1994, final Setaria spp. density was greater in NT compared to CP and MP at the 5- and 10-cm herbicide application timings. When glyphosate was applied to 15-cm-tall Setaria, very few weeds were present following application across all tillage systems. In 1995, NT resulted in greater Setaria spp. density than MP or CP across all application timings. There was no difference in final Setaria spp. density between MP and CP across all glyphosate timings in 1994 and 1995. Seed production was negligible in MP and CP, regardless of glyphosate timing. In NT, however, significant seed production occurred, especially with early application. Results indicate that the effectiveness of nonresidual herbicides for Setaria faberi Herrm. control is influenced by tillage system and the timing of application.

Keywords

GlyphosateSetaria faberi Herrm., giant foxtailSetaria spp., foxtail spp.Zea mays L., ‘Pioneer 3563.'Conservation tillageno-tillagepopulation dynamicsseedbankweed ecologyweed emergenceSETFASETVI
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 5 , October 1999 , pp. 563 - 570
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Darby, A. M. and Lowery, B. 1987. Seed zone soil temperature and early corn growth with three conservation tillage systems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51:768–774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, D. A. 1992. Weed seedbank response to tillage, herbicides and crop rotation sequence. Weed Sci. 40:654–659.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barbour, J. C. and Forcella, F. 1993. Predicting seed production by foxtails. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. 48:100.Google Scholar
Blevins, R. L., Cook, D., Phillips, S. H., and Phillips, R. E. 1971. Influence of no-tillage on soil moisture. Agron. J. 63:593–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D., 1992. Population dynamics and control of annual weeds in corn (Zea mays) as influenced by tillage systems. Weed Sci. 40:241–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1995. Influence of tillage systems on weed population dynamics and management in corn and soybean in the central USA. Crop Sci. 35:1247–1258.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Daniel, T. C. 1988. Influence of tillage systems on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), density and control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 36:642–647.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Regnier, E., and Harrison, K. 1991. Long-term tillage effects on seedbanks in three Ohio soils. Weed Sci. 39:186–194.Google Scholar
Carey, J. B. and Kells, J. J. 1995. Timing of total postemergence herbicide applications to maximize weed control and corn (Zea mays) yield. Weed Technol. 9:356–361.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1975. Longevity of barnyardgrass, green foxtail and yellow foxtail seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 23:437–440.Google Scholar
Dwyer, L. M., Ma, B. L., Hayhoe, H. N., and Culley, J.L.B. 1995. Tillage effects on soil temperature, shoot dry matter accumulation and corn grain yield. J. Sustain. Agric. 5:85–99.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Durgan, B. R., and Buhler, D. D. 1996. Management of weed seedbanks. Pages 21–26 in Second International Weed Control Congress, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Forcella, F., Wilson, R. G., Dekker, J., et al. 1997. Weed seedbank emergence across the cornbelt, 1991–1994. Weed Sci. 45:67–76.Google Scholar
Gebhardt, M. R., Daniel, T. C., Schweizer, E. E., and Allmaras, R. R. 1985. Conservation tillage. Science 230:625–630.Google Scholar
Griffith, D. R., Mannering, J. V., and Box, J. E. 1986. Soil and moisture management with reduced tillage. Pages 19–43 in Sprague, M. A. and Triplett, G. B., eds. No-tillage and Surface-tillage Agriculture. New York: J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Hall, M. R., Swanton, C. J., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 40:441–447.Google Scholar
Hartwig, R. O. and Laflen, J. M. 1978. A meterstick method for measuring crop residue cover. J. Soil Water Conserv. 33:90–91.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. D. and Lowery, B. 1985. Effect of three conservation tillage practices on soil temperature thermal properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1547–1552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kells, J. J. and Meggitt, W. F. 1985. Conservation tillage and weed control. Pages 123–129 in D'Itri, F. M., ed. A Systems Approach to Conservation Tillage. Chelsea, MI: Lewis.Google Scholar
Koskinen, W. C. and McWhorter, C. G. 1986. Weed control in conservation tillage. J. Soil Water Conserv. 41:365–370.Google Scholar
Mester, T. C. and Buhler, D. D. 1991. Effects of soil temperature, seed depth and cyanazine on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seedling development. Weed Sci. 39:204–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pareja, M. R. and Staniforth, D. W. 1985. Seed soil microsite characteristics in relation to weed seed germination. Weed Sci. 33:190–195.Google Scholar
Schreiber, M. M. 1965. Effect of date of planting and stage of cutting on seed production of giant foxtail. Weeds 1:60–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schreiber, M. M. 1992. Influence of tillage, crop rotation and weed management on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) population dynamics and corn yield. Weed Sci. 40:645–653.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, D. A. and Stobbe, E. H. 1984. The effect of tillage on soil temperature and corn (Zea mays L.) growth in Manitoba. Can. J. Plant Sci. 64:59–67.Google Scholar
Wicks, G. A. and Somerhalder, B. R. 1971. Effect of seedbed preparation for corn on distribution of weed seed. Weed Sci. 19:666–668.Google Scholar
Wrucke, M. A. and Arnold, W. E. 1985. Weed species distribution as influenced by tillage and herbicides. Weed Sci. 33:835–856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seed in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.Google Scholar
Zimdahl, R. L. 1980. Weed Crop Competition, A Review. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, pp. 83–85.Google Scholar