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Effect of tillage and corn on pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) seedling emergence and density

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Joseph O. E. Oryokot ,
Stephen D. Murphy  and
Clarence J. Swanton
Joseph O. E. Oryokot
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Stephen D. Murphy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Abstract

We studied the effect of no-till, chisel, and moldboard plow and the presence or absence of corn on soil temperature, moisture and, subsequently, the emergence phenology and density of pigweed seedlings at 2 sites from 1993 to 1995 inclusively. Tillage significantly affected the phenology of pigweed seedling emergence only during a June drought at one site in 1994. Soil temperature and moisture, measured at 2.5-cm depths, also were unaffected by tillage. Weed phenology is usually earlier in no-till because more seeds are located closer to the surface (< 5 cm deep) in no-till, thereby reducing the delay in penetrating through the soil, and because soil temperatures and moisture are nearer the germination and emergence optima. However, pigweed seedlings are already physiologically restricted to germination depths of less than 2.5 cm regardless of tillage; therefore, this prior constraint eliminated any potential differences in emergence phenologies caused by tillage. The presence or absence of corn also did not affect soil temperatures, soil moisture, or pigweed seedling emergence phenologies. Pigweed seedling density was significantly higher in no-till; this may have been caused by increased numbers of seeds near the soil surface in no-till. The presence or absence of corn did not affect pigweed seedling density; the lack of a significant effect probably reflects high variances in density. Although necessary for most weed species, tillage may be a less important factor to consider in predicting pigweed population dynamics and subsequent management recommendations.

Keywords

Phenologysoil temperaturesoil moistureAMAPOAMAREGreen pigweed, Amaranthus powellii S. Wats AMAPOredroot pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus L. AMARE
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , February 1997 , pp. 120 - 126
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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References

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