Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T12:14:41.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of soil water content on wild oat (Avena fatua) seed mortality and seedling emergence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

James A. Mickelson  and
William E. Grey
William E. Grey
Affiliation:
Montana State University, Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 173150, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were established in fall 1999 and 2000 near Huntley, MT, to determine the effects of soil water content on wild oat seed mortality and seedling emergence. Four supplemental irrigation treatments were implemented from June through September to establish plots with varying soil water content. Wild oat seed mortality during the summer increased linearly as soil water content increased. For seed banks established in 1999 (1999SB), seed mortality increased, on average, from 36 to 55% in 2000, and 15 to 55% in 2001 as soil water content increased from 6 to 24%. For seed banks established in 2000 (2000SB), seed mortality increased, on average, from 38 to 88% in 2001 and 53 to 79% in 2002 as soil water content increased from 6 to 24%. Increasing soil water content likely increased the activity of microorganisms that cause mortality in wild oat seeds. The increasing seed mortality rates (due to increasing soil water content) resulted in greater annual declines of wild oat seed banks and 2-yr cumulative decline rates. Total season emergence percentage was not affected by irrigation treatment. Results show that weed seed bank decline is more rapid in moist than in dry soils and suggest that management practices that increase or conserve soil moisture will also increase the rate of wild oat seed bank decline.

Keywords

Wild oat, Avena fatua L., AVEFASeed bank declineseed bank demographicsseedling emergenceseed mortality
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 54 , Issue 2 , April 2006 , pp. 255 - 262
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Current address: Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 7250 NW 62nd Ave., P.O. Box 552, Johnston, IA 50131; [email protected]

References

Literature Cited

Banting, J. D. 1966. Studies on the persistence of Avena fatua . Can. J. Plant Sci 46:129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chancellor, R. J. and Peters, N. C. B. 1976. Competition between wild oat and crops. Pages 99–112 in Jones, D. P. ed. Wild Oats in World Agriculture. London: Agricultural Research Council.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1975. Longevity of barnyardgrass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail seeds in soil. Weed Sci 23:437–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fellows, G. M. and Roth, F. W. 1992. Factors influencing shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) seed survival. Weed Sci 40:434–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gutterman, Y. 1992. Maternal effects on seeds during development. Pages 27–59 in Fenner, M. ed. Seeds: The ecology of regeneration in plant communities. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International.Google Scholar
Harman, G. E. 1983. Mechanisms of seed infection and pathogenesis. Phytopathology 73:326–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kern, A. J., Colliver, C. T., Maxwell, B. D., Fay, P. K., and Dyer, W. E. 1996. Characterization of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations and an inbred line with multiple herbicide resistance. Weed Sci 44:847–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kiewnick, L. 1964. Experiments on the influence of seedborne and soilborne microflora on the viability of wild oat seeds (Avena fatua L.). II. Experiments on the influence of microflora on the viability of seeds in the soil. Weed Res 4:31–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kovach, D. A., Thill, D. C., and Young, F. Y. 1988. A water-spray system for removing seed from soil. Weed Technol 2:338–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, R. J. 1993. Management of weed seed banks with microorganisms. Ecol. Appl 3:42–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kremer, R. J., Hughes, L. B. Jr., and Aldrich, R. J. 1984. Examination of microorganisms and deterioration resistance mechanisms associated with velvetleaf seed. Agron. J 76:745–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, R. J. and Spencer, N. R. 1989a. Impact of a seed-feeding insect and microorganisms on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed viability. Weed Sci 37:211–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremer, R. J. and Spencer, N. R. 1989b. Interaction of insects, fungi, and burial on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seed viability. Weed Technol 3:322–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lonsdale, W. M. 1993. Losses from the seed bank of Mimosa pigra: soil microorganisms vs. temperature fluctuations. J. Appl. Ecol 30:654–660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesbah, A., Miller, S. D., Fornstrom, K. J., and Legg, D. E. 1995. Wild mustard (Brassica kaber) and wild oat (Avena fatua) interference in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L). Weed Technol 9:49–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mickelson, J. A., Midthun-Hensen, A., and Harvey, R. G. 2004. Fate and persistence of woolly cupgrass seed banks. Weed Sci 52:346–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mickelson, J. A. and Stougaard, R. N. 2003. Assessment of soil sampling methods to estimate wild oat seed bank populations. Weed Sci 51:226–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, S. D. and Nalewaja, J. D. 1990. Influence of burial depth on wild oats (Avena fatua) seed longevity. Weed Technol 4:514–517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morishita, D. W. and Thill, D. C. 1988. Factors of wild oat interference on spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) growth and yield. Weed Sci 36:37–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mortensen, K. and Hsiao, A. I. 1987. Fungal infestation of seeds from seven populations of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) with different dormancy and viability characteristics. Weed Res 27:297–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pitty, A., Staniforth, D. W., and Tiffany, L. H. 1987. Fungi associated with caryopses of Setaria species from field-harvested seeds and from soil under two tillage systems. Weed Sci 35:319–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seefelt, S. S., Gealy, D. R., Brewster, B. D., and Fuerst, E. P. 1994. Cross-resistance of several diclofop-resistant wild oat (Avena fatua) biotypes from the Willamette valley of Oregon. Weed Sci 42:430–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sexsmith, J. J. 1969. Dormancy of wild oat seed produced under various temperature and moisture conditions. Weed Sci 17:405–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurston, J. M. and Phillipson, A. 1976. Distribution. Pages 19–64 in Jones, D. P. ed. Wild Oats in World Agriculture. London: Agricultural Research Council.Google Scholar
Zorner, P. S., Zimdahl, R. L., and Schweizer, E. E. 1984. Sources of viable seed loss in buried dormant and non-dormant populations of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) seed in Colorado. Weed Res 24:143–150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar