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Effect of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) in China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2024

Zichang Zhang Open the ORCID record for Zichang Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Jing Xue ,
Tao Gu ,
Hongchun Wang  and
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Zichang Zhang*
Affiliation:
Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
Jing Xue
Affiliation:
MSc, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Hefei, P. R. China
Tao Gu
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
Hongchun Wang*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Affiliation:
Professor, Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), and School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability (AGFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
*
Corresponding authors: Zichang Zhang; Email: zichangzhang2009@163.com, Hongchun Wang; Email: hongchun023@126.com
Corresponding authors: Zichang Zhang; Email: zichangzhang2009@163.com, Hongchun Wang; Email: hongchun023@126.com
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Abstract

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Auct. ex Backer) is a troublesome annual weed from the Gramineae family and infests rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields globally, with a notable presence in China. However, limited information is available regarding the effects of diverse environmental factors on its germination and emergence. A better understanding of the seed biology and ecology of weedy rice is crucial for developing effective weed management strategies. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature, light, soil burial depth, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop residue amount, salt stress, osmotic stress, and radiant heat on the germination and seedling emergence of weedy rice. Weedy rice exhibited robust germination (>98%) when exposed to varying day/night temperatures (20/15 to 35/30 C) and remained unaffected by light conditions. Seedling emergence was not influenced within the top 5-cm soil layer, where 100% of the seedlings emerged. However, emergence decreased as the soil burial depth increased, eventually resulting in no emergence from a burial depth of 11 cm. The soil burial depth required for 50% of the maximum emergence was 8.3 cm. Seedling emergence ranged from 97% to 100% across different amounts of the wheat straw residue cover (0 to 10,000 kg ha−1). The sodium chloride concentration and osmotic potential required for 50% were 230.8 mM and −0.5 MPa, respectively. No germination was observed when weedy rice seeds were exposed to >110 C pretreatment (radiant heat for 5 min), indicating that residue burning could reduce infestation of weedy rice. The insights gained from this study contribute valuable knowledge to enhance the integrated management of weedy rice in China.

Keywords

Burial depthcrop residuesalt stressosmotic stressradiant heat
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 72 , Issue 6 , November 2024 , pp. 754 - 760
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Gulshan Mahajan, Punjab Agricultural University

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