Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T20:06:40.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Depth of seedling recruitment of five weed species measured in situ in conventional- and zero-tillage fields

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Michelle J. du Croix Sissons ,
Rene C. Van Acker ,
Doug A. Derksen  and
A. Gordon Thomas
Michelle J. du Croix Sissons
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
Doug A. Derksen
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon Research Centre, P.O. Box 1000 A, R.R. 3 Brandon, MB, Canada R7A 5Y3
A. Gordon Thomas
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 0X2
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Differences in the depth of weed seedling recruitment due to agronomic management practices, such as reduced tillage, have implications for weed competitive ability and management strategies. Depth of seedling recruitment of Avena fatua, Triticum aestivum, Setaria viridis, Polygonum convolvulus, and Echinochloa crus-galli was measured in situ in 1997 and 1998 prior to seeding (preseeding) and before in-crop spraying (prespray) in a total of 44 zero-tillage and 44 conventional-tillage fields located across approximately 3 million ha of southern Manitoba, Canada. For the monocot species, depth of recruitment was measured from the soil surface to the intact seed coats, which marked the point of germination. For P. convolvulus, a dicot, greenhouse studies were conducted prior to sampling in the field to identify a reliable morphological marker indicating the point of germination. For all species, mean recruitment depth was found to be significantly shallower in zero- vs. conventional-tillage fields and significantly shallower in the preseeding vs. the prespray period. There were relatively few differences in mean recruitment depth among weed species. Within a sampling period and tillage system, for example, the greatest difference in mean recruitment depth between species was less than 1.2 cm, and the maximum mean recruitment depth across species, sampling times, and tillage practice was very shallow (less than 4.2 cm). Locating weed seedling recruitment depth is the first step in characterizing weed seedling recruitment microsites. Results indicate this information should be specific to tillage and sampling time.

Keywords

Avena fatua L. AVEFA, wild oatSetaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVI, green foxtailTriticum aestivum L. TRZAS, wheatEchinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ECHCG, barnyardgrassPolygonum convolvulus L. POLCO, wild buckwheatRecruitment depthtillageweed emergenceweed seedlingsmicrositeAVEFASETVITRZASECHCGPOLCO
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , June 2000 , pp. 327 - 332
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ball, D. A. 1992. Weed seedbank response to tillage, herbicides, and crop rotation sequence. Weed Sci. 40:654–659.Google Scholar
Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1985. The annual dormancy cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. BioScience 35:492–498.Google Scholar
Blevins, R. L., Smith, M. S., Thomas, G. W., and Frye, W. W. 1983. Influence of conservation tillage on soil properties. J. Soil Water Conserv. 38:301–304.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. 1997. Effects of tillage and light environment on emergence of 13 annual weeds. Weed Technol. 11:496–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Hartzler, R. G., and Forcella, F. 1997. Implications of weed seedbank dynamics to weed management. Weed Sci. 45:329–336.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D. and Mester, T. C. 1991. Effect of tillage on the emergence depth of giant (Setaria faberi) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis). Weed Sci. 39:200–203.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Sparrow, D. H. 1996. A comparison of methods to predict weed seedling populations from the soil seedbank. Weed Sci. 44:46–51.Google Scholar
Cardina, J., Sparrow, D. H., and McCoy, E. L. 1996. Spatial relationships between seedbank and seedling populations of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and annual grasses. Weed Sci. 44:298–308.Google Scholar
Cavers, P. B. 1995. Seed banks: memory in soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 75:11–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chancellor, R. J. 1964. The depth of weed seed germination in the field. Proc. 7th Br. Weed Control Conf. 2:607–613.Google Scholar
Chepil, W. S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds I. Longevity, periodicity of germination, and vitality of seeds in cultivated soil. Sci. Agric. 26:307–346.Google Scholar
Cousens, R. and Moss, S. R. 1990. A model of the effects of cultivation on the vertical distribution of weed seeds in the soil. Weed Res. 30:61–70.Google Scholar
Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1962. Emergence of barnyard grass, green foxtail, and yellow foxtail seedlings from various soil depths. Weeds. 10:136–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1975. Longevity of barnyard grass, green foxtail and yellow foxtail seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 23:437–440.Google Scholar
de la Cruz, R. 1974. Weed seedling emergence depth under field conditions. Ph.D. dissertation. Iowa State University, Ames, IA. 115 p.Google Scholar
Derksen, D. A., Watson, P. R., and Loeppky, H. A. 1998. Weed community composition in seed banks, seedling, and mature plant communities in a multi-year trial in western Canada. Asp. Appl. Biol. 51:43–50.Google Scholar
Douglas, B. J., Thomas, A. G., Morrison, I. N., and Maw, M. G. 1985. The biology of Canadian weeds. 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Can. J. Plant Sci. 65:669–690.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DuCroix Sissons, M. J. 1999. Effect of tillage on recruitment depth of five weed species measured in situ in zero and conventional-tillage fields in Manitoba. , University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. 130 p.Google Scholar
Dyer, W. 1995. Exploiting weed seed dormancy and germination requirements through agronomic practices. Weed Sci. 43:498–503.Google Scholar
Forcella, F. 1992. Prediction of weed seedling densities from buried seed reserves. Weed Res. 32:29–38.Google Scholar
Froud-Williams, R. J., Drennan, D.S.H., and Chancellor, R. J. 1983. Influence of cultivation regime upon buried weed seeds in arable cropping systems. J. Appl. Ecol. 20:199–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harper, J. L. 1977. Population Biology of Plants. London: Academic Press, pp. 111–147.Google Scholar
Hume, L., Martinez, J., and Best, K. 1983. The biology of Canadian weeds. 60. Polygonum convolvulus L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 63:959–971.Google Scholar
Johnson, M. D. and Lowery, B. 1985. Effect of three conservation tillage practices on soil temperature and thermal properties. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49:1547–1552.Google Scholar
Mohler, C. L. 1993. A model of the effects of tillage on emergence of weed seedlings. Ecol. Appl. 3:55–73.Google Scholar
Sharma, M. P. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1978. The biology of Canadian weeds. 27. Avena fatua L. Can. J. Plant Sci. 58:141–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soriano, A., Zeiger, E., Servy, E., and Suero, A. 1968. The effect of cultivation on the vertical distribution of seeds in the soil. J. Appl. Ecol. 5:253–257.Google Scholar
Staricka, J. A., Burford, P. M., Allmaras, R. R., and Nelson, W. W. 1990. Tracing the vertical distribution of simulated battered seeds as related to tillage. Agron. J. 82:1131–1134.Google Scholar
Stoller, E. W. and Wax, L. M. 1973. Periodicity of germination and emergence of some annual weeds. Weed Sci. 21:574–580.Google Scholar
Taylorson, R. B. 1987. Environmental and chemical manipulation of weed seed dormancy. Rev. Weed Sci. 3:135–154.Google Scholar
Vanden Born, W. H. 1971. Green foxtail: seed dormancy, germination and growth. Can. J. Plant Sci. 51:53–59.Google Scholar
Wiese, A. F. and Davis, R. G. 1966. Weed emergence from two soils at various moistures, temperatures and depths. Weeds 15:118–121.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. G., Kerr, E. D., and Nelson, L. A. 1985. Potential for using weed seed content in the soil to predict future weed problems. Weed Sci. 33:171–175.Google Scholar
Wrucke, M. A. and Arnold, W. E. 1985. Weed species distribution as influenced by tillage and herbicides. Weed Sci. 33:853–856.Google Scholar
Yenish, J. P., Doll, J. D., and Buhler, D. D. 1992. Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of weed seeds in soil. Weed Sci. 40:429–433.Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Hamill, A. S., Gardiner, I. O., and Weaver, S. E. 1998. Dependence of weed flora on the active soil seedbank. Weed Res. 38:143–152.Google Scholar