Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T08:10:46.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Decomposition of Picloram by Soil Microorganisms: A Proposed Reaction Sequence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

R. W. Meikle
Affiliation:
The Dow Chemical Company, Ag-Organics Research Laboratories, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
C. R. Youngson
Affiliation:
The Dow Chemical Company, Ag-Organics Research Laboratories, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
R. T. Hedlund
Affiliation:
The Dow Chemical Company, Ag-Organics Research Laboratories, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
C. A. I. Goring
Affiliation:
The Dow Chemical Company, Ag-Organics Research Laboratories, Walnut Creek, CA 94598
W. W. Addington
Affiliation:
The Dow Chemical Company, Ag-Organics Research Laboratories, Walnut Creek, CA 94598

Abstract

The 6-hydroxy derivative of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) is not on the main pathway of the soil microbial decomposition sequence for picloram. Rather it may be formed in very small amounts in a competing reaction. Decarboxylation of picloram cannot be the initial reaction in this sequence and, in fact, does not occur.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1974 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Behrman, E.J. and Stanier, R.Y. 1957. Bacterial oxidation of nicotinic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 228:923945.Google Scholar
2. Behrman, E.J. and Stanier, R.Y. 1957. Oxidation of halogenated nicotinic acids. J. Biol. Chem. 228:947953.Google Scholar
3. Bruno, G.A. and Christian, J.E. 1961. Determination of carbon-14 in aqueous bicarbonate solutions by liquid scintillation counting techniques. Application to biological fluids. Anal. Chem. 33:12161218.Google Scholar
4. Hamaker, J.W., Youngson, C.R., and Goring, C.A.I. 1968. Rate of detoxification of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid in soil. Weed Res. 8:4657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Hance, R.J. 1967. Decomposition of herbicides in the soil by non-biological chemical processes. J. Sci. Food Agr. 18:544547.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Houghton, C., Watson, G.K., and Cain, R.B. 1969. Metabolism of 4-hydroxypyridine by agrobacterium species; A new ring cleavage of the pyridine nucleus. Biochem. J. 114:75 pp.Google Scholar
7. Kolthoff, I.M. and Sandell, E.B. 1936. Textbook of quantitative inorganic analysis. MacMillan, N.Y. 291 pp.Google Scholar
8. Meikle, R.W. 1959. Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene-1-36Cl. J. Org. Chem. 24:277.Google Scholar
9. Meikle, R.W. 1972. Decomposition: Qualitative relationships, pages 192194. in Goring, C.A.I. and Hamaker, J.W. (ed.), Organic chemicals in the soil environment. Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
10. Meikle, R.W., Williams, E.A., and Redemann, C.T. 1966. Metabolism of TORDON® herbicide (4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) in cotton and decomposition in soil. J. Agr. Food Chem. 14:384387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Meikle, R.W., Youngson, C.R., Hedlund, R.T., Goring, C.A.I., Hamaker, J.W., and Addington, W.W. 1973. Measurement and prediction of picloram disappearance rates from soil. Weed Sci. 21:549555.Google Scholar
12. Nyns, E.J., Zach, D., and Snell, E.E. 1969. Bacterial oxidation of vitamin B6. VIII. Enzymic breakdown of o-(N-acetylaminomethylene)succinic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 244:26012605.Google Scholar
13. Rabinovitch, B. 1969. The Monte Carlo method. Plotting the course of complex reactions. J. Chem. Ed. 46:262268.Google Scholar
14. Redemann, C.T., Meikle, R.W., Hamilton, P., Banks, V.S., and Youngson, C.R. 1968. The Fate of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid in spring wheat and soil. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 3:8096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Smith, G.N. 1966. A method for combusting tissues for chlorine-36 analysis. Anal. Biochem. 17:2437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Sparrow, L.G., Ho, P.P.K., Sundaram, T.K., Zach, D., Nyns, E.J., and Snell, E.E. 1969. Bacterial oxidation of vitamin B6. VII. Purification, properties, and mechanism of action of an oxygenase which cleaves the 3-hydroxypyridine ring. J. Biol. Chem. 244:25902600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Sundaram, L.G. and Snell, E.E. 1969. Bacterial oxidation of vitamin B6. V. Enzymic formation of pyridoxal and isopyridoxal from pyridoxine. J. Biol. Chem. 244:25772584.Google Scholar
18. Youngson, C.R., Goring, C.A.I., Meikle, R.W., Scott, H.H., and Griffith, J.D. 1967. Factors influencing the decomposition of TORDON® herbicide in soil. Down Earth 23(2):311.Google Scholar