Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T23:37:23.021Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Decline of Weed Seeds and Seedling Emergence Over Five Years as Affected by Soil Disturbances

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Grant H. Egley  and
Robert D. Williams
Grant H. Egley
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776 and USDA-ARS, Water Quality and Watershed Res. Lab., Durant, OK 74702
Robert D. Williams
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric. Res. Serv., South. Weed Sci. Lab., Stoneville, MS 38776 and USDA-ARS, Water Quality and Watershed Res. Lab., Durant, OK 74702
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Weed emergence and viable weed seed numbers were determined in field plots during a 5-yr period where reseeding was prevented. Known numbers of seeds of seven weed species were added to the native seed population at the beginning of the study. Plots were nontilled or tilled to depths of 0, 5, 10, and 15 cm early in the spring of each year. Velvetleaf, spurred anoda, hemp sesbania, morningglory species, and pigweed species emergence was significantly greater from the nontilled plots during the first year after seeds were added to the native seed population. Tillage, regardless of depth, reduced weed emergence during the first year where seeds were added to the plots but had no effect on emergence from plots where no seeds were added. Tillage during the second through the fifth year did not affect emergence regardless of the addition of seeds. of the 5-yr emergence totals, 61 to 88% of all weeds in all plots emerged during the first year and 9 to 23% emerged during the second year. The 5-yr decline rate for emergence of all weeds was exponential. Viable seeds of prickly sida, spurges, and pigweeds in the nontilled plots declined from 590, 1531, and 4346 m−2, respectively, to zero by the third year. Tillage did not affect the decline. However, weed emergence in the field indicated that a few (1.0 to 5.6 m−2) seeds of those weeds were still viable after 3 yr. In nontilled plots, many recently added seeds were on or near the soil surface and germinated during the first year. Tillage moved many seeds to sites that were unfavorable for germination and emergence during the first year.

Keywords

Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycinehemp sesbania [Sesbania exaltata (Raf.) Rydb. ex A. W. Hill # SEBEX]morningglory (Ipomoea spp.)pigweed (Amaranthus spp.)prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) # SIDSPspurge (Euphorbia spp.)spurred anoda [Anoda cristata (L.) Schlecht. # ANVCR]velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) # ABUTHTillageweed seed longevityweed seed viabilityweed seed germinationABUTHANVCRPOROLSEBEXSIDSP
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 38 , Issue 6 , November 1990 , pp. 504 - 510
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1989. Physiology of dormancy and germination in relation to seed bank ecology. Pages 53–66 in Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T., and Simpson, R. L., eds. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
2. Brenchley, W. E. and Warington, K. 1930. The weed seed population of arable soil. I. Numerical estimation of viable seeds and observations on their natural dormancy. J. Ecol. 18:235–272.Google Scholar
3. Bridges, D. C. and Walker, R. H. 1985. Influences of weed management and cropping systems on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) seed in the soil. Weed Sci. 33:800–804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Burnside, O. C., Moorman, R. S., Roeth, F. W., Wicks, G. A., and Wilson, R. G. 1986. Weed seed demise in soil in weed-free corn (Zea mays) production across Nebraska. Weed Sci. 34:248–251.Google Scholar
5. Cavers, P. B. and Benoit, D. L. 1989. Seed banks in arable land. Pages 309–328 in Leck, M. A., Parker, V. T., and Simpson, R. L., eds. Ecology of Soil Seed Banks. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Chancellor, R. J. 1982. Dormancy in weed seeds. Outlook Agric. 11:87–93.Google Scholar
7. Chepil, W. S. 1946. Germination of weed seeds: II. The influence of tillage treatments on germination. Sci. Agric. 26:347–357.Google Scholar
8. Egley, G. H. 1986. Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Reviews of Weed Sci. 2:67–89.Google Scholar
9. Egley, G. H. and Chandler, J. M. 1978. Germination and viability of weed seeds after 2.5 years in a 50-year buried seed study. Weed Sci. 26:230–239.Google Scholar
10. Egley, G. H. and Duke, S. O. 1986. Physiology of weed seed germination in soil. Pages 57–61 in Newman, D. W. and Wilson, K. G., eds. Models in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
11. Egley, G. H. and Williams, R. D. 1978. Glyphosate and paraquat effects on weed seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Sci. 26:249–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Frond-Williams, R. J., Drennan, D.S.H., and Chancellor, R. J. 1983. Influence of cultivation regime on weed floras of arable cropping systems. J. Appl. Ecol. 20:187–197.Google Scholar
13. Harper, J. L. 1959. The ecological significance of dormancy and its significance in weed control. Proc. Int. Conf. Crop Prot. 4:415–420.Google Scholar
14. Kropac, Z. 1966. Estimation of weed seeds in arable soil. Pedobiologia 6:105–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Lueschen, W. E. and Andersen, R. N. 1980. Longevity of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) seeds in soil under agricultural practices. Weed Sci. 28:341–346.Google Scholar
16. Moss, S. R. 1985. The survival of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds seeds in soil. Weed Res. 25:201–211.Google Scholar
17. Roberts, H. A. 1962. Studies on the weeds of vegetable Crops. II. Effect of six years of cropping on the weed seeds in the soil. J. Ecol. 50:803–813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Roberts, H. A. 1968. The changing population of viable weed seeds in arable soil. Weed Res. 8:253–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Roberts, H. A. 1981. Seed banks in soils. Adv. Appl. Biol. 6:1–55.Google Scholar
20. Roberts, H. A. and Dawkins, P. A. 1967. Effect of cultivation on the numbers of viable weed seeds in soil. Weed Res. 7:290–301.Google Scholar
21. Schweizer, E. E. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after six years of continuous corn (Zea mays) and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32:76–83.Google Scholar
22. Schweizer, E. E. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1984. Weed seed decline in irrigated soil after rotation of crops and herbicides. Weed Sci. 32:84–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23. Van Esso, M. L., Ghersa, C. M., and Soriano, A. 1986. Cultivation effects on the dynamics of a Johnsongrass seed population in the soil profile. Soil Tillage Res. 6:325–335.Google Scholar
24. Warnes, D. D. and Andersen, R. N. 1984. Decline of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) seeds in soil under various cultural and chemical practices. Weed Sci. 32:214–217.Google Scholar