Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T22:42:53.583Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Cover Crop and Herbicide Influence on Row Crop Seedling Establishment in No-Tillage Culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Leslie A. Weston*
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546

Abstract

The establishment and management of nine cover crops in Kentucky production systems were evaluated in field experiments over a 2-yr period. ‘Wheeler’ rye, ‘Barsoy’ barley, and ‘Tyler’ wheat cereal grains produced greater biomass (180 to 260 g/m2) than the pasture species tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and white clover (55 to 110 g/m2). ‘Kentucky 31’ tall fescue, creeping red fescue, and white clover proved most difficult to control, and significant regrowth occurred regardless of herbicide or rate applied. HOE-39866 (1.7 kg ai/ha) was effective in rapidly controlling all cover crops except tall fescue by 30 days after application. Sethoxydim and fluazifop (0.4 and 0.3 kg ai/ha, respectively) effectively controlled the cereals and two ryegrass species. Glyphosate applied at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai/ha was also effective, while 0.6 kg ai/ha controlled only cereal grain growth adequately. After chemical control, pasture grass plots contained fewest weeds/m2 with some reductions likely due to density and regrowth of the sods. Cover crops were effective in suppressing weed growth at 45 days after chemical control. However, significant weed growth existed in all cover crop plots by 60 days after kill. Row crop establishment increased linearly with increasing glyphosate rate. Cereal grain covers provided the most compatible planting situations for greatest seedling establishment, with rye and wheat providing greatest weed suppression. Generally, increased weed suppression provided by a cover crop was accompanied by reduced row crop establishment, with greatest reductions observed in pasture grass plots. Cucumber was most easily established while snap pea was most difficult.

Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Copyright
Copyright © 1990 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Anonymous. 1988. National Tillage Survey, Kentucky: County by County Crop Summaries. Conserv. Technol. Inf. Ctr., West Lafayette, IN. Page 1.Google Scholar
2. Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1986. Evidence for allelopathy by residues and extracts of rye (Secale cereale). Weed Sci. 34:384390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Blevins, R. L., Cook, D., Phillips, S. H., and Phillips, R. E. 1971. Influence of no-tillage on soil moisture. Agron. J. 63:593596.Google Scholar
4. DeFrank, J. 1979. Weed and vegetable response to allelopathic influences in no-tillage plantings. M.S. Thesis. Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI.Google Scholar
5. Haas, P. and Muller, F. 1987. Behavior of glufosinate-ammonium in weeds. Proc. 1987 Br. Crop Prot. Conf.-Weeds: 10751082.Google Scholar
6. Hayes, W. A. 1982. What is minimum tillage? Pages 1534 in Minimum Tillage Farming. No-Till Farmer, Inc., Brookfield, WI.Google Scholar
7. Kimber, R.W.L. 1967. Phytotoxicity from plant residues I. The influence of rotted wheat straw on seedling growth. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 18:361374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Kimber, R.W.L. 1973. Phytotoxicities from plant residues II. The effect of time of rotting of straw from some grasses and legumes on the growth of wheat seedlings. Plant Soil 38:347361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Kitchen, L. M., Rieck, C. E., and McCall, D. A. 1979. Effect of glyphosate on germinating seedlings. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 32:320.Google Scholar
10. Liebl, R. A. and Worsham, A. D. 1983. Inhibition of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.) and certain other weed species by phytotoxic components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:10271044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Martin, J. H., Leonard, W. H., and Stamp, D. L. 1976. Perennial forage grasses. Pages 577617 in Principles of Field Crop Production. The MacMillan Co., New York.Google Scholar
12. McCalla, T. M. and Haskins, F. A. 1964. Phytotoxic substances from soil microorganisms and crop residues. Bacteriol. Rev. 28:181207.Google Scholar
13. McCalla, T. M. and Norstadt, F. A. 1974. Toxicity problems in mulch tillage. Agric. Environ. 1:153174.Google Scholar
14. Phillips, S. H. 1984. Introduction, Pages 110 in Phillips, R. E. and Phillips, S. H., eds. No-tillage Agriculture. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Putnam, A. R., DeFrank, J., and Barnes, J. P. 1983. Exploitation of allelopathy for weed control in annual and perennial cropping systems. J. Chem. Ecol. 9:10011010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Robinson, E. L., Langdala, G. W., and Stuedemann, J. A. 1984. Effect of three weed control regimes on no-till and tilled soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 32:1719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Rodrigues, J.J.V., Worsham, A. D., and Corbin, F. T. 1982. Exudation of glyphosate from wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants and its effects on interplanted corn (Zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 30:316320.Google Scholar
18. Shilling, D. G., Liebl, R. A., and Worsham, A. D. 1984. Rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch: The suppression of certain broadleaf weeds and the isolation and identification of phytotoxins. Pages 243271 in Thompson, A. C., ed. The Chemistry of Allelopathy. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
19. Young, H. M. Jr. 1982. No-tillage, the ultimate? Pages 1104 in No-tillage Farming. No-till Farmer, Inc., Brookfield, WI.Google Scholar