Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T03:48:15.519Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Combinations of Diquat and Several Cations for Control of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

P. A. Frank ,
N. Dechoretz  and
R. W. Raines
P. A. Frank
Affiliation:
Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., Botany Dep., Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616
N. Dechoretz
Affiliation:
Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., Botany Dep., Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616
R. W. Raines
Affiliation:
Sci. Ed. Admin., U.S. Dep. Agric., Denver Fed. Center, Denver, CO 80225
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Numerous cations were evaluated as possible substitutes for copper in mixtures with diquat (6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-α:2′,1′-c] pyrazinediium ion) for control of hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle]. Several cations, including ferrous and ferric iron, when substituted for equal weights of copper in the mixtures, were as effective as copper in enhancing the phytotoxicity of diquat to hydrilla. In most instances, death of the test plants occurred more rapidly when the substitutes were used. Ferric chloride, because of its apparent innocuous behavior in the aquatic environment, is a desirable substitute for the more toxic copper. Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus RAf.) were unaffected by week-long exposure to ferric chloride at concentrations as high as 100 ppmw. Since ferric chloride alone exhibited no toxicity to hydrilla in the range of concentrations tested, the greater phytotoxicity of the mixtures probably was due to the increased toxicity of diquat. In evaluations using other species of aquatic weeds, neither the addition of copper nor the addition of other cations increased the phytotoxicity of diquat. In most tests, the mixtures of diquat with other cations reduced the level of activity of diquat on weeds other than hydrilla.

Keywords

Aquatic weedsphytotoxicitycopper sulfateferric chloride
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 27 , Issue 1 , January 1979 , pp. 115 - 118
Copyright
Copyright © 1979 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bartley, T. R. 1976. Investigations of copper sulfate for aquatic weed control. A Water Resources Technical Publication. U.S. Dep. Inter. Res. Rep. no. 27. 24 pp.Google Scholar
2. Blackburn, R. D. and Weldon, L. W. 1969. Control of Hydrilla verticillata . Proc. South Weed Conf. 22:317 Abstr.Google Scholar
3. Frank, P. A., Otto, N. E., and Bartley, T. R. 1961. Techniques for evaluating aquatic weed herbicides. Weeds 9:515–521.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Fuller, R. H. and Averett, R. C. 1975. Evaluation of copper accumulation in part of the California Aqueduct. Water Resour. Bull. 11:946–952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Hasler, A. D. 1949. Antibiotic aspects of copper treatment of lakes. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 39:97–103.Google Scholar
6. Mackenzie, J. W. 1966. Progress report on the control of Elodea in Dade County, Florida canals with diquat. Hyacinth Control J. 5:10–11.Google Scholar
7. Mackenzie, J. W. and Hall, L. 1967. Elodea control in Southeast Florida with diquat. Hyacinth Control J. 6:37–44.Google Scholar
8. Nichols, M. S., Henkel, T., and McNall, D. 1946. Copper in lake muds of Madison Area. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts Lett. 38:333–350.Google Scholar
9. Sutton, D. L., Weldon, L. W., and Blackburn, R. D. 1970. Effect of diquat on uptake of copper in aquatic plants. Weed Sci. 18:703–707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Sutton, D. L., Haller, W. T., Steward, K. K., and Blackburn, R. D. 1972. Effect of copper on uptake of diquat-14C by hydrilla. Weed Sci. 20:581–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar