Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:37:32.011Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Changes in the germinability of seeds of dicotyledonous herbs from anthropogenic and wild habitats during two initial years in a seedbank

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2021

Zdenka Martinková Open the ORCID record for Zdenka Martinková [Opens in a new window] ,
Alois Honěk Open the ORCID record for Alois Honěk [Opens in a new window]  and
Marek Brabec Open the ORCID record for Marek Brabec [Opens in a new window]
Zdenka Martinková
Affiliation:
Senior Researcher, Team of Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agrosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Alois Honěk*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Team of Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agrosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
Marek Brabec
Affiliation:
Senior Researcher, Department of Statistical Modeling, Institute of Computer Sciences, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
*
Author for correspondence: Alois Honěk, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 16106 Prague 6–Ruzyně, Czech Republic. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The germinability of buried seeds changes with time, and the direction and periodicity of these changes differ among plant species. In 116 abundant dicotyledonous herb species, we investigated the changes in seed germinability that occurred during the 2-yr period following burial in the soil. We aimed to establish differences between seeds collected in “anthropogenic” (ruderal, arable land) and “wild” (grassland, forest) habitats. The seeds were buried in a field 1 mo after collection, exhumed at regular intervals, and germinated at 25 C. During the 2-yr study period, four categories of species-specific patterns of germinability changes were found: seeds demonstrating seasonal dormancy/nondormancy cycles (31 species); seeds germinating only in the first season after burial (16 species); seeds germinating steadily (38 species); and seeds whose germinability changed gradually, with increasing (7 species) or decreasing (18 species) germinability. The seeds of 6 species did not germinate at all. We found no significant difference in the frequency of these categories between species typical for anthropogenic and wild habitats. The cause for this result may be dramatic human influences (changes of agricultural practices), the pressure of which impedes the development of floras specific for certain habitats, as distinguished by the frequency of species with particular patterns of seed germinability. These frequencies varied among taxa with the growth form, seed mass, and flowering phenology of species.

Keywords

Arable landdormancy/nondormancy cyclesgrasslandforestruderalseasonal changestemperatureweed
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 6 , November 2021 , pp. 660 - 672
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Prashant Jha, Iowa State University

References

Anonymous (2021) Pladias. Databáze české flóry a vegetace. www.pladias.cz. Accessed: May 17, 2021Google Scholar
Araki, S, Washitani, I (2000) Seed dormancy/germination traits of seven Persicaria species and their implication in soil seed-bank strategy. Ecol Res 15:33–46 10.1046/j.1440-1703.2000.00323.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (1994) Germination requirements of Oenothera biennis seeds during burial under natural seasonal temperature cycles. Can J Bot 72:779–782 10.1139/b94-098CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (1998) Seeds—Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego: Academic Press. 666 p Google Scholar
Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (2006) The natural history of soil seed banks of arable land. Weed Sci 54:549–557 10.1614/WS-05-034R.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baskin, JM, Baskin, CC (1981) Seasonal changes in germination responses of buried seeds of Verbascum thapsus and Verbascum blattaria and ecological implications. Can J Bot 59:1769–1775 10.1139/b81-236CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batlla, D, Benech-Arnold, RL (2006) The role of fluctuations in soil water content on the regulation of dormancy changes in buried seeds of Polygonum aviculare L. Seed Sci Res 16:47–59 10.1079/SSR2005234CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batlla, D, Ghersa, CM, Benech-Arnold, RL (2020) Dormancy, a critical trait for weed success in crop production systems. Pest Manag Sci 76:1189–1194 10.1002/ps.5707CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benech-Arnold, RL, Sanchez, RA, Forcella, F, Kruk, BC, Ghersa, CM (2000) Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res 67:105–122 10.1016/S0378-4290(00)00087-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bochenek, A, Golaszewski, J, Gorecki, RJ (2007) The seasonal dormancy pattern and germination of Matricaria maritima subsp inodora (L.) Dostal seeds in hydrotime model terms. Acta Soc Bot Pol 76:299–307 10.5586/asbp.2007.033CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bostock, SJ (1978) Seed germination strategies of five perennial weeds. Oecologia 36:113–126 10.1007/BF00344576CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boutin, C, Harper, JL (1991) A comparative study of the population dynamics of 5 species of Veronica in natural habitats. J Ecol 79:199–221 10.2307/2260793CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouwmeester, HJ, Karssen, CM (1993) Annual changes in dormancy and germination in seeds of Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. New Phytol 124:179–191 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1993.tb03808.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, NS, Van Acker, RC (2003) The effects of depth and fluctuating soil moisture on the emergence of eight annual and six perennial plant species. Weed Sci 51:725–730 10.1614/P2002-111CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catara, S, Cristaudo, A, Gualtieri, A, Galesi, R, Impelluso, C, Onofri, A (2016) Threshold temperatures for seed germination in nine species of Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae). Seed Sci Res 26:30–46 10.1017/S0960258515000343CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chancellor, RJ (1986) Decline of arable weed seeds during 20 years in soil under grass and the periodicity of seedling emergence after cultivation. J Appl Ecol 23:631–637 10.2307/2404041CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Gill, GS, Preston, C (2006) Tillage system effects on weed ecology, herbicide activity and persistence: a review. Aust J Exp Agric 46:1557–1570 10.1071/EA05291CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costea, M, Weaver, SE, Tardif, FJ (2004) The biology of Canadian weeds. 130. Amaranthus retroflexus L., A. powellii S. Watson and A. hybridus L. Can J Plant Sci 84:631–668 10.4141/P02-183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Courtney, AD (1968) Seed dormancy and field emergence in Polygonum aviculare . J Appl Ecol 5:675–684 10.2307/2401641CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Cauwer, B, Biesemans, N, De Ryck, S, Delanote, L, Dewaele, K, Willekens, K, Vanden Nest, T, Reheul, D (2020) Effects of soil and crop management practices and pedo-hydrological conditions on the seedbank size of Galinsoga spp. in organic vegetable fields. Weed Res 61:55–67 10.1111/wre.12457CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Cauwer, B, Devos, R, Claerhout, S, Bulcke, R, Reheul, D (2014) Seed dormancy, germination, emergence and seed longevity in Galinsoga parviflora and G. quadriradiata . Weed Res 54:38–47 10.1111/wre.12055CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dostál, J (1989) Nová květena ČSSR [New flora of Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic]. Prague: Academia. 1548 pGoogle Scholar
Fenner, M, Thompson, K (2005) The Ecology of Seeds. New York: Cambridge University Press. 250 p 10.1017/CBO9780511614101CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Figueroa, R, Doohan, D, Cardina, J, Harrison, K (2007) Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) seed longevity and seedling emergence. Weed Sci 55:187–192 10.1614/WS-06-122R1.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froud-Williams, RJ, Chancellor, RJ, Drennan, DSH (1984) The effects of seed burial and soil disturbance on emergence and survival of arable weeds in relation to minimal cultivation. J Appl Ecol 21:629–641 10.2307/2403434CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Froud-Williams, RJ, Drennan, DSH, Chancellor, RJ (1984) The influence of burial and dry storage upon cyclic changes in dormancy, germination and response to light in seeds of various arable weeds. New Phytol 96: 473–481 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03581.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, K, Ziska, LH, Bunce, JA, Quebedeaux, B, Hom, JL, Wolf, J, Teasdale, JR (2009) Macroclimate associated with urbanization increases the rate of secondary succession from fallow soil. Oecologia 159:637–647 10.1007/s00442-008-1238-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grime, JP, Hodgson, JG, Hunt, R (2007) Comparative plant ecology. 2nd ed. Colvend, Dalbeatie, UK: Castelpoint Press, 748 pGoogle Scholar
Guillemin, JP, Gardarin, A, Granger, S, Reibel, C, Munier-Jolain, N, Colbach, N (2013) Assessing potential germination period of weeds with base temperatures and base water potentials. Weed Res 53:76–87 10.1111/wre.12000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastie, TJ, Tibshirani, RJ (1990) Generalized Additive Models. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC. 352 pGoogle Scholar
Honěk, A, Martinková, Z, Jarošík, V (1999) Annual cycles of germinability and differences between primary and secondary dormancy in buried seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli . Weed Res 39:69–79 10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00122.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hu, XW, Ding, XY, Baskin, CC, Wang, YR (2018) Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species. Weed Res 58:210–220 10.1111/wre.12297CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahmen, S, Poschlod, P (2008) Does germination success differ with respect to seed mass and germination season? Experimental testing of plant functional trait responses to grassland management. Ann Bot 101:541–548 10.1093/aob/mcm311CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klinger, YP, Eckstein, RL, Horlemann, D, Otte, A, Ludewig, K (2020) Germination of the invasive legume Lupinus polyphyllus depends on cutting date and seed morphology. Neobiota 60:79–95 10.3897/neobiota.60.56117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kolodziejek, J, Patykowski, J, Wala, M (2019) Dormancy, germination, and sensitivity to salinity stress in five species of Potentilla (Rosaceae). Botany 97:452–462 10.1139/cjb-2019-0038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahesh, MQ, Upadhyaya, MK, Turkington, R (1996) Dynamics of seed bank and survivorship of meadow salsify (Tragopogon pratensis) populations. Weed Sci 44:100–108 Google Scholar
Martinková, Z, Honěk, A, Pekár, S (2014) The role of nurse plants in facilitating the germination of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) seeds. Weed Sci 62:474–482 10.1614/WS-D-13-00162.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCloskey, M, Firbank, LG, Watkinson, AR, Webb, DJ (1996) The dynamics of experimental arable weed communities under different management practices. J Veg Sci 7:799–808 10.2307/3236458CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milberg, P, Andersson, L (1997) Seasonal variation in dormancy and light sensitivity in buried seeds of eight annual weed species. Can J Bot 75:1998–2004 10.1139/b97-911CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirsky, SB, Gallandt, ER, Mortensen, DA, Curran, WS, Shumway, DL (2010) Reducing the germinable weed seedbank with soil disturbance and cover crops. Weed Res 50:341–352 Google Scholar
Namura-Ochalska, A (1987) Production and germination of Tussilago farfara (L) diaspores. Acta Soc Bot Poloniae 56:527–542 10.5586/asbp.1987.048CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol, J, Muston, S, D’Santos, P, McCarthy, B, Zukowski, S (2007) Impact of sheep grazing on the soil seed bank of a managed ephemeral wetland: implications for management. Aust J Bot 55:103–109 10.1071/BT04137CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ottavini, D, Pannacci, E, Onofri, A, Tei, F, Jensen, PK (2019) Effects of light, temperature, and soil depth on the germination and emergence of Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. Agronomy 9, 10.3390/agronomy9090533.10.3390/agronomy9090533CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pons, TL (1991) Dormancy, germination and mortality of seeds in a chalk grassland flora. J Ecol 79:765–780 10.2307/2260666CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richner, N, Walter, T, Linder, HP, Holderegger, R (2018) Arable weed seed bank of grassland on former arable fields in mountain regions. Folia Geobot 53:49–61 10.1007/s12224-017-9288-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, HA (1979) Periodicity of seedling emergence and seed survival in some Umbelliferae. J Appl Ecol 16:195–201 10.2307/2402738CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, HA (1986) Seed persistence in soil and seasonal emergence in plant species from different habitats. J Appl Ecol 23:639–656 10.2307/2404042CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, HA, Feast, PM (1973) Emergence and longevity of seeds of annual weeds in cultivated and undisturbed soil. J Appl Ecol 10:133–143 10.2307/2404721CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, HA, Neilson, JE (1981) Seed survival and periodicity of seedling emergence in 12 weedy species of Compositae. Ann Appl Biol 97:325–334 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1981.tb05119.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saatkamp, A, Affre, L, Baumberger, T, Dumas, PJ, Gasmi, A, Gachet, S, Arene, F (2011) Soil depth detection by seeds and diurnally fluctuating temperatures: different dynamics in 10 annual plants. Plant Soil 349:331–340 10.1007/s11104-011-0878-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sádlo, J, Chytrý, M, Pyšek, P (2007) Regional species pools of vascular plants in habitats of the Czech Republic. Preslia 79:303–321 Google Scholar
Saska, P, Foffová, H, Martinková, Z, Honěk, A (2020) Persistence and changes in morphological traits of herbaceous seeds due to burial in soil. Agronomy 10, 10.3390/agronomy10030448 10.3390/agronomy10030448CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, RG, Gross, KL (2006) Weed community and corn yield variability in diverse management systems. Weed Sci 54:106–113 10.1614/WS-05-108R.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, K, Bakker, JP, Bekker, RM (1997) The soil seed banks of north west Europe: methodology, density and longevity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 276 p Google Scholar
Thompson, PA (1974) Effects of fluctuating temperatures on germination. J Exp Bot 25:164–175 10.1093/jxb/25.1.164CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tkachenko, KG (2018) Biology of dormancy and germination of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. and Stellaria nemorum L. seeds. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Biologiya 44:24–35 10.17223/19988591/44/2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Assche, JA, Vandelook, FEA (2006) Germination ecology of eleven species of Geraniaceae and Malvaceae, with special reference to the effects of drying seeds. Seed Sci Res 16:283–290 10.1017/SSR2006255CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Assche, J, Van Nerum, D, Darius, P (2002) The comparative germination ecology of nine Rumex species. Plant Ecol 159:131–142 10.1023/A:1015553905110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandelook, F, Van de Moer, D, Van Assche, J (2008) Environmental signals for seed germination reflect habitat adaptations in four temperate Caryophyllaceae. Funct Ecol 22:470–478 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2008.01385.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vranckx, G, Vandelook, F (2012) A season- and gap-detection mechanism regulates seed germination of two temperate forest pioneers. Plant Biol 14:481–490 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00515.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, HC, Zhang, B, Dong, LY, Lou, YL (2016) Seed germination ecology of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine). Weed Sci 64:634–641 10.1614/WS-D-15-00129.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warington, K (1958) Changes in the weed flora on Broadbalk permanent wheat field during the period 1930–55. J Ecol 46:101–113.10.2307/2256906CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wild, J, Kaplan, Z, Danihelka, J, Petřík, P, Chytrý, M, Novotný, P, Rohn, M, Šulc, V, Brůna, J, Chobot, K, Ekrt, L, Holubová, D, Knollová, I, Kocián, P, Štech, M, et al. (2019) Plant distribution data for the Czech Republic integrated in the Pladias database. Preslia 91:1–24 10.23855/preslia.2019.001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, SN (2017) Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC. 496 p 10.1201/9781315370279CrossRefGoogle Scholar