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Atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole loss in runoff as affected by rainfall and management

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ryan J. Rector ,
David L. Regehr ,
Philip L. Barnes  and
Thomas M. Loughin
Ryan J. Rector
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Philip L. Barnes
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
Thomas M. Loughin
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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Abstract

Research was conducted to determine the effects of management practices and precipitation on herbicide loss in surface water runoff. A field runoff experiment was conducted in 1999 and 2000 in Manhattan, KS. Some plots received only natural precipitation, whereas others received natural precipitation plus additional precipitation from a rainfall simulator. Atrazine was applied at 0.9 and 1.8 kg ha−1, S-metolachlor at 0.7 and 1.4 kg ha−1, and isoxaflutole at 0.05 and 0.11 kg ha−1 to field corn grown under conventional tillage and no-till. Runoff volumes and herbicide concentrations were determined for each runoff event. Across all precipitation, tillage, and placement variables, atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole and diketonitrile (DKN) (soil metabolite of isoxaflutole), hereafter referred to as isoxaflutole/DKN, losses were similar at 5.0, 4.1, and 4.1% of applied, respectively. Additional precipitation increased runoff 2.5-, 2.2-, and 3.4-fold for atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole/DKN, respectively. Preplant soil incorporation reduced atrazine, S-metolachlor, and isoxaflutole/DKN losses in runoff by 67, 69, and 57%, respectively, compared with soil surface applications. Lower preplant rainfall in 2000 resulted in sharply reduced runoff losses despite postplant precipitation similar to that in 1999. These findings suggest that the best management practices for atrazine can be used to manage S-metolachlor and isoxaflutole/DKN loss in surface water runoff.

Keywords

AtrazineS-metolachlorisoxaflutolediketonitrile metabolite of isoxaflutole (DKN)2-cyano-3-cyclopropyl-1-(2-methylsulfonyl-4-trifluoromethylphenyl)propan-1,3-dionecorn, Zea mays L.Rainfall simulatorpreplant incorporatedno-tillwater quality
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , October 2003 , pp. 810 - 816
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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