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Alteration of Atrazine Uptake and Metabolism by Tridiphane in Giant Foxtail (Setaria faberi) and Corn (Zea mays)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Rick A. Boydston  and
Fred W. Slife
Rick A. Boydston
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
Fred W. Slife
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
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Abstract

Partially purified glutathione-s-transferase (GST) isolated from corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings was about 14-fold higher in specific activity than GST isolated from giant foxtail (Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA) seedlings. Greater amounts of GST activity were present in leaf tissue than in stem tissue. Four-leaf giant foxtail seedlings contained about threefold more reduced glutathione per gram fresh weight in the leaves than one- to two-leaf giant foxtail seedlings. When atrazine and reduced glutathione were used as substrates, tridiphane [2-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,2,2-trichloroethyl)oxirane] inhibited isolated GST from corn with an I50 of about 5 μM and from giant foxtail with an I50 slightly lower. Tridiphane inhibited the metabolism of atrazine [6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine] to water-soluble metabolites in giant foxtail leaves but not in corn leaves. Unmetabolized atrazine levels tended to be greater in giant foxtail seedlings treated with tridiphane plus atrazine than in plants treated with atrazine alone. Tridiphane applied 12 h before atrazine increased the uptake of atrazine in both corn and five-leaf giant foxtail seedlings. The amount of atrazine metabolism to water-soluble metabolites increased in corn leaves but remained constant in giant foxtail leaves when atrazine uptake was increased. Tridiphane and atrazine combinations impaired net photosynthetic rates more than atrazine alone in giant foxtail seedlings but did not increase chlorophyll fluorescence. There was no decrease in net photosynthetic rate 12 h following applications of atrazine or tridiphane plus atrazine on corn leaves. Tridiphane did not decrease photosynthesis or increase chlorophyll fluorescence in either species when applied alone.

Keywords

Conjugationfluorescenceglutathione-s-transferaseSETFA
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 34 , Issue 6 , November 1986 , pp. 850 - 858
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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