Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T21:55:55.510Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Allelopathic activity of buckwheat: isolation and characterization of phenolics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Zahida Iqbal ,
Syuntaro Hiradate ,
Akio Noda ,
Sei-ichi Isojima  and
Yoshiharu Fujii
Syuntaro Hiradate
Affiliation:
Chemical Ecology Unit, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
Akio Noda
Affiliation:
Noda Plants Technica, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-0841, Japan
Sei-ichi Isojima
Affiliation:
Noda Plants Technica, Hachinohe, Aomori 031-0841, Japan
Yoshiharu Fujii
Affiliation:
Chemical Ecology Unit, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of buckwheat. In the field, buckwheat demonstrated strong inhibitory activity by suppressing weeds. In laboratory studies, aqueous and organic solvent extracts of the aerial parts of common buckwheat inhibited the root and shoot growth of lettuce seedlings. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed maximum activity, and plants grown in the presence of the ethyl acetate extract showed severe root browning. The allelopathic constituents of the ethyl acetate phase were isolated and identified as gallic acid and (+)-catechin by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Gallic acid and (+)-catechin were present in the upper part of buckwheat at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.01%, of fresh weight, respectively. Gallic acid was found to be selectively and strongly inhibitory to root and shoot growth of tested plants at 100 and 10 μg ml−1. (+)-Catechin, however, inhibited plant growth to a lesser extent. These results suggest that buckwheat may have allelopathic potential and that when used as a ground cover crop or green manure may produce inhibitors, which could suppress weeds.

Keywords

Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moenchlettuce, Lactuca sativa L.Allelopathycover cropcatechingallic acidplant growth inhibitors
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 51 , Issue 5 , October 2003 , pp. 657 - 662
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1981. Weed suppression with rye cover crops in vegetable cropping system. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Control Conf 36:64.Google Scholar
DeFrank, J. and Putnam, A. R. 1978. Weed and crop response to allelopathic crop residues. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Control Conf 33:44.Google Scholar
Fay, P. K. and Duke, W. B. 1977. An assessment of allelopathic potential in Avena germ plasm. Weed Sci 25:224–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iqbal, Z., Hiradate, S., Noda, A., Isojima, S., and Fujii, Y. 2002. Allelopathy of buckwheat: assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of aerial parts and identification of fagomine and other related alkaloids as allelochemicals. Weed Biol. Manag 2:110–115.Google Scholar
Kushima, M., Kakuta, H., Kosemusa, S., Yamamura, S., Yamada, K., Yokotani-Tomita, K., and Hasegawa, K. 1998. An allelopathic substance exuded from germinating watermelon seeds. Plant Growth Regul 25:1–4.Google Scholar
Leather, G. R. 1983. Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are allelopathic to weeds. Weed Sci 31:37–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockerman, R. H. and Putnam, A. R. 1979. Evaluation of allelopathic cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) as an aid to weed control. Weed Sci 27:54–57.Google Scholar
Lockerman, R. H. and Putnam, A. R. 1981. Growth inhibitors in cucumber plants and seeds. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci 106:418–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, C. H. 1966. The role of chemical inhibition (Allelopathy) in vegetational composition. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 93:332–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, A. R. and DeFrank, J. 1979. Use of allelopathic cover crops to inhibit weeds. Proc. IX Int. Cong. Plant Prot. 580–582.Google Scholar
Putnam, A. R. and DeFrank, J. 1982. Use of phytotoxic plant residues for selective weed control. Crop Prot 2:173–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Putnam, A. R. and Duke, W. B. 1978. Allelopathy in agro ecosystems. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol 16:431–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, E. L. 1974. Role of allelopathy in patterning of vegetation and creation of bare areas. Pages 126–173 in Allelopathy. New York: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, E. L. 1979. Allelopathy. An update. Bot. Rev 45:15–109.Google Scholar
Rice, E. L. 1984. Factors effecting quantities of inhibitors. Pages 343–345 in Allelopathy. 2nd ed. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.Google Scholar
[SAS] Statistical Analysis Systems. 1990. SAS Procedures Guide. Version 6, 3rd ed. Cary, NC: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.Google Scholar
Swain, T. 1977. Secondary compounds as protective agents. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol 28:479–501.Google Scholar
Tominaga, T. and Uezu, T. 1995. Weed suppression by buckwheat. Pages 693–697 in Matano, T. and Ujihasa, A., eds. Current Advances in Buckwheat Research. Volume 2. Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium of Buckwheat. Nagano, Japan: Shinshu University Press.Google Scholar
Tsuzuki, E. and Yamamoto, Y. 1987. Isolation and identification of phenolic substances from wild perennial buckwheat (F. cymosum M). Miyazaki Daigaku Nogakubu Kenkyu Hokoku 34:289–295.Google Scholar
Tsuzuki, E., Yamamoto, Y., and Shimizu, T. 1987. Fatty acids in buckwheat are growth inhibitors. Ann. Bot. (Lond.) 60:69–70.Google Scholar
Yamada, K., Anai, T., and Hasegawa, K. 1995. Lepidimoide, an allelopathic substance in exudates from germinating seeds. Phytochemistry 39:1031–1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar