Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T23:25:57.722Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Adaptation and Differentiation of Golf Course Populations of Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

W. Mary Lush
W. Mary Lush*
Affiliation:
Dep. Agric. and Rural Affairs, Turf Res. and Advisory Inst., P.O. Box 381, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Morphological and physiological variation among annual bluegrass populations from the green, fairway, and rough were measured to determine the role annual bluegrass infestations outside the green play in maintaining the population in the green. Annual bluegrass populations from the fairway and the rough were similar to each other but differed from that of the green in habit, dry mass production, flowering, seed size, and germination. Seeds from each population established best in the type of turf from which they originated. It is concluded that, since few genotypes were common to the green and its surroundings, the populations in the fairway and rough played little or no role in maintaining the population of the green. The same is likely to be true wherever the management of greens and their surroundings differs sufficiently for marked population differentiation to occur. This finding does not preclude the possibility that some genotypes adapted to the green persist in the surroundings, and that these genotypes serve as sources of seeds for the colonization or reinfestation of annual bluegrass-free greens.

Keywords

Annual bluegrassPoa annua L. # POANNGerminationdormancyestablishmentmorphologyfloweringvernalizationAgrostis stoloniferaCynodon dactylonAGRSTPOAAN
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 1 , January 1989 , pp. 54 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Beard, J. B., Rieke, P. E., Turgeon, A. J., and Vargas, J. M. 1978. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.). Description, adaption, culture and control. Res. Rep. 352. Michigan State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. Google Scholar
2. Calder, D. M. 1973. The effect of temperature on growth and dry weight distribution of populations of Poa annua L. Pages 145–152 in Plant Response to Climatic Factors. Proc. Uppsala Symp. 1970. UNESCO, 1973.Google Scholar
3. Cordukes, W. E. 1977. Growth habit and heat tolerance of a collection of Poa annua plants in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 57:1201–1203.Google Scholar
4. Ellis, W. M., Lee, B.T.O., and Calder, D. M. 1971. A biometric analysis of populations of Poa annua L. Evolution 25:29–37.Google Scholar
5. Ellis, W. M. 1974. The breeding system and variation in populations of Poa annua L. Evolution 27:656–662.Google Scholar
6. Evans, L. T. 1964. Reproduction. Pages 126–153 in Barnard, C., ed. Grasses and Grasslands. MacMillan and Co., Limited, London.Google Scholar
7. Gibeault, V. A. 1974. Poa annua . Calif. Turfgrass Culture 24:13–16.Google Scholar
8. Law, R., Bradshaw, A. D., and Putwain, P. D. 1977. Life history variation in Poa annua . Evolution 31:233–246.Google Scholar
9. Lush, W. M. 1987a. Biology of Poa annua in a temperate zone golf putting green (Agrostis stolonifera/Poa annua). 1. The aboveground population. J. Appl. Ecol. (in press).Google Scholar
10. Lush, W. M. 1987b. Biology of Poa annua in a temperate zone golf putting green (Agrostis stolonifera/Poa annua). 2. The seed bank. J. Appl. Ecol. (in press).Google Scholar
11. McNeilly, T. 1981. Ecotypic differentiation in Poa annua: interpopulation differences in response to competition and cutting. New Phytol. 88, 539–547.Google Scholar
12. Madison, J. H. and Hagan, R. M. 1962. Extraction of soil moisture by Merion Bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. ‘Merion’) turf, as affected by irrigation frequency, mowing height and other cultural operations. Agron. J. 54:157–160.Google Scholar
13. Peel, C. H. 1982. A review of the biology of Poa annua L. – with special reference to sports turf. J. Sports Turf Res. Inst. 58:28–40.Google Scholar
14. Sargeant, I. J. 1963. Soils of Vegetable Research Station, Frankston. Dep. Agric., Victoria, Soils Branch. Soil Survey Rep. No. 36.Google Scholar
15. Tutin, T. G. 1957. A contribution to the experimental taxonomy of Poa annua L. Watsonia 4, 1–10.Google Scholar
16. Warwick, S. I. and Briggs, D. 1978a. The genecology of lawn weeds. I. Population differentiation in Poa annua L. in a mosaic environment of bowling green lawns and flower beds. New Phytol. 81:711–723.Google Scholar
17. Wells, G. J. 1974. The biology of Poa annua and its significance in grassland. Herb. Abstr. 44, 385–391.Google Scholar
18. Wu, L., Till-Bottraud, I., and Torres, A. (1987). Genetic differentiation in temperature-enforced seed dormancy among golf course populations of Poa annua L. New Phytol. 107:623–631.Google Scholar
19. Youngner, V. B. 1959. Ecological studies on Poa annua in turfgrasses. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 14:233–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar