Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T21:19:13.816Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Weed suppression with Brassica green manure crops in green pea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Kassim Al-Khatib ,
Carl Libbey  and
Rick Boydston
Carl Libbey
Affiliation:
N.W. Research, Extension Center, Washington State University, Mt. Vernon, WA 98273
Rick Boydston
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Services, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Prosser, WA 99350-9687
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Weed suppression in green pea was evaluated when green pea was planted after a fall planting of rapeseed, white mustard, rye, or wheat had been incorporated into the soil in spring. Tests were conducted at Mount Vernon, WA, in 1994 and 1995. Weed suppression in peas varied between different green manure crops. One month after planting, the highest weed population was in green pea following wheat, whereas the lowest was in green pea following rapeseed. Rye and white mustard suppressed early weeds relative to wheat by 25 and 30%, respectively. However, at harvest, weed density was similar in green pea planted after all green manure crops. Weed suppression improved when cultivation or metribuzin at 0.14 kg ha−1 was used in combination with white mustard, rapeseed, or rye. Pea population was not affected by green manure crops, except for rapeseed, which reduced pea population. In greenhouse experiments, white mustard added to the soil at 20 g per 400 g air dry soil reduced emergence of shepherd's-purse, kochia, and green foxtail by 97, 54, and 49%, respectively. Rapeseed suppressed emergence of shepherd's-purse, kochia, and green foxtail by 76, 25, and 25%, respectively.

Keywords

Metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4/H)-one]common chickweed, Stellaria media (L.) Vill. STEMEgreen foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIkochia, Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. KCHSCshepherd's purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus CAPBPgreen pea, Pisum sativum L. ‘Bolero’rapeseed, Brassica napus L. ‘Jupiter’rye, Secale cereale L. ‘Wheeler’wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ‘Cashup’white mustard, Brassica hirta Moench ‘Martigena’CultivationisothiocyanatesSTEMESETVIKCHSCCAPBP
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , June 1997 , pp. 439 - 445
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Barnes, J. P. and Putman, A. R. 1986. Evidence for allelopathy by residues and aqueous extracts of rye (Secale cereale). Weed Sci. 34: 384–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, D. T. and Muller, C. H. 1973. Dominance of California annual grasslands by Brassica nigra . Am. Midland Nat. 90: 277–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bialy, Z., Oleszek, W., Lewis, J., and Fenwick, G. R. 1990. Allelopathic potential of glucosinolates (mustard oil glycosides) and their degradation products against wheat. Plant and Soil 129: 277–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boydston, R. and Al-Khatib, K. 1994. Brassica green manure crops suppress weeds. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 47: 24–27.Google Scholar
Boydston, R. and Hang, A. 1995. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9: 669–675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. D. and Morra, J. J. 1993. Fate of ionic thiocyanate (SCN) in soil. J Agric. Food. Chem. 41: 978–982.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, P. D., Morra, J. J., McCaffrey, J. P., Auld, D. L., and Williams, L. III. 1991. Allelochemicals produced during glucosinolate degradation in soil. J. Chem. Ecol. 17: 2021–2034.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chew, F. S. 1988. Biological effects of glucosinolates. in Culter, H. G., ed. Biologically Active Natural Products: Potential Use in Agriculture. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society Symposium Series No. 380, pp. 155–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, R. A. 1980. Volatile components produced during ontogeny of some cultivated crucifers. J. Sci. Food Agric. 31: 549–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, J. E. 1986. Decline in phytotoxicity of benzyl isothiocyanate formulated as granules. Weed Sci. 34: 325–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daxenbichler, M. E., Spencer, G. F., Carlson, D. G., Rose, G. B., Brinker, A. M., and Powell, R. G. 1991. Glucosinolate composition of seeds from 297 species of wild plants. Phytochemistry 30: 2623–2638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehaan, R. L., Wyse, D. L., Ehlke, J., Maxwell, B. D., and Putnam, D. H. 1994. simulation of spring-seeded plants for weed control in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 42: 35–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fenwick, G. R., Heaney, R. K., and Mawson, R. 1989. Glucosinolates. in Cheeke, P. R., ed. Toxicants of Plant Origin. Volume II: Glycosides. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 97–141.Google Scholar
Fenwick, G. R., Heaney, R. K., and Mullin, W. J. 1983. Glucosinolates and their breakdown products in food and food plants. in Furia, T. E., ed. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 18. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 123–201.Google Scholar
Gianessi, L. P. and Puffer, C. A. 1992. Herbicide use in the United States. in Bridges, S. C., ed. Crop Losses Due to Weeds in Canada and the United States. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America, pp. 148–392.Google Scholar
Grodzinsky, A. M. 1992. Allelopathic effects of cruciferous plants in crop rotation. in Rizvi, S.J.H. and Rizvi, V., eds. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects. London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 77–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grossman, J. 1993. Brassica alternatives to herbicides and soil fumigants. IPM-Pract. Berkeley, CA 15: 1–10.Google Scholar
Ju, H. Y., Bible, B. B., and Chong, C. 1983. Influence of ionic thiocyanate on growth of cabbage, bean, and tobacco. J. Chem. Ecol. 9: 1255–1262.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mojtahedi, H., Santo, G. S., Wilson, J. H., and Hang, A. N. 1993. Managing Meloidogyne chitwoodi on potato with rapeseed as green manure. Plant Dis. 77: 42–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nair, G. M., Whitenack, C. J., and Putnam, A. R. 1990. 2,2&-oxo-l,l&-azobenzene: a microbially transformed allelochemical from 2,3-benzoxazolinone. J. Chem. Ecol. 16: 353–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phatak, S. C. 1982. Effect of metham sodium applied through overhead irrigation systems on weed control and yield of vegetables. in Proceedings of the 2nd National Symposium on Chemigation. Tifton, GA: Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, pp. 23–27.Google Scholar
Putnam, A. R. 1983. Allelopathic chemicals: nature&s herbicides in action. Chem. Eng. News 61: 34–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shilling, D. G., Liebl, R. A., and Worsham, A. D. 1985. Rye and wheat mulch: The suppression of certain broadleaved weeds and the isolation and identification of phytotoxins. in Thompson, A. C., ed. American Chemical Society Series No. 268, The Chemistry of Allelopathy. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, pp. 243–271.Google Scholar
Stiehl, B. and Bible, B. B. 1985. Effect of crucifer toxin on the seedling growth and germination of crop species. HortScience 20: 185.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. and Taylorson, R. B. 1986. Weed seed response to methyl isothiocyanate and metham. Weed Sci. 34: 520–524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terry, R. C. and Conran, J. W. 1939. Determination of the essential oils of white and brown mustards. The Analyst 64: 164–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughan, J. G. and Hemingway, J. S. 1959. The utilization of mustards. Econ. Bot. 13: 196–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, J. 1978. Growth of barley, bromegrass, and alfalfa in the greenhouse in soil containing rapeseed and wheat residues. Can. J. Plant Sci. 58: 241–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, L. III, Morra, M., Brown, P., and McCaffrey, J. 1993. Toxicity of allyl isothiocyanate-amended soil to Limonius californicas (Mann.) Coleoptera: Elateridae) wireworms. J. Chem. Ecol. 19: 1033–1046.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, R. B., Spencer, G. F., and Kwolek, W. F. 1984. Inhibition of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) germination and growth by benzyl isothiocyanate, a natural toxicant. Weed Sci. 32: 612–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar