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Temperature influences Kyllinga brevifolia and K. squamulata growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David B. Lowe ,
Lambert B. McCarty ,
Ted Whitwell  and
William C. Bridges
Lambert B. McCarty
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, D-139 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0375
Ted Whitwell
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, D-139 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0375
William C. Bridges
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Statistics, F-148 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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Abstract

Kyllinga species are becoming more common throughout the southeastern United States. Two species, Kyllinga brevifolia and Kyllinga squamulata, in particular are prevalent weeds in turfgrass. To better understand these weeds, growth chamber studies determined the growth of K. brevifolia, K. squamulata, and Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis as influenced by three temperature regimes (33/24, 25/17, 19/11 C day/night, respectively). Temperature influenced almost all aspects of Kyllinga species growth. Plant height of both Kyllinga species increased nearly twofold after 8 wk at high temperatures. Plants were mowed each week to 2.5 cm; both species produced more than twice as many clippings by 8 wk at high (33/24 C) temperatures than at low (19/11 C) temperatures. Destructive analysis at 8 wk revealed that K. brevifolia shoot and root weight increased with decreasing temperature, whereas K. squamulata shoot and root weights were not affected by temperature. Shoot weight percentage for both Kyllinga species increased from 59% in medium temperatures to 69% in high temperatures. K. brevifolia shoot weight percentage decreased to 53% in low temperatures, whereas K. squamulata shoot weight percentage increased to 72%. K. brevifolia inflorescences formed at 2, 3, and 5 wk in high, medium, and low temperatures, respectively, whereas K. squamulata flowered immediately in all temperatures. C. dactylon × C. transvaalensis and Kyllinga species growth were similar within each temperature regime throughout the 8-wk study.

Keywords

Cynodon dactylon Burtt-Davey × C. transvaalensis L. Pers. ‘Tifway’ CYNDA, bermudagrassKyllinga brevifolia Rottb. KYLBR, green kyllingaKyllinga squamulata Thonn. ex Vahl, cock's comb kyllinga (proposed common name)Inflorescence productionbiomass partitioningCYNDAKYLBR
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 47 , Issue 6 , December 1999 , pp. 662 - 666
Copyright
Copyright © 1999 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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