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Soybean (Glycine max), common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) sap flow in interspecific competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Ronald E. Jones Jr. ,
Robert H. Walker  and
Glenn Wehtje
Ronald E. Jones Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
Glenn Wehtje
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy and Soils, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
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Abstract

Two field experiments were conducted to examine the competitive effect of common cocklebur and sicklepod in soybean. Factors examined included sap flow of both the weed and the crop, as well as the traditional parameters of weed and crop growth and crop yield. The intent was to determine to what extent competitive effects could be attributed to differential water utilization. In the first study, soybean planted at 20 plants m−1 row was infested with either sicklepod at 10 plants m−1 row or common cocklebur at two plants m−1 row. Sicklepod reduced soybean sap flow and yield 53 and 49%, respectively. Common cocklebur reduced soybean sap flow and yield 31 and 38%, respectively. Within a weed species, weed-induced yield and sap flow reductions were comparable, indicating that water deprivation was the primary detriment that these weeds inflicted on soybean. Individual common cocklebur plants were 3.9 times more competitive than sicklepod with respect to reducing soybean yield. However, sap flow of individual common cocklebur plants was only 1.4 times more than that of sicklepod, indicating that water deprivation was not the only causal factor in weed-crop competition. In the second experiment, sicklepod was planted in soybean (fixed density) and clipped to either half the height, same height as soybean, or left unclipped, in an attempt to simulate herbicide-induced stunting. Clipping sicklepod had a positive effect on soybean sap flow and yield. Thus, the benefits of reduced weed competition were achieved without killing sicklepod.

Keywords

Common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L. XANSTsicklepod, Senna obtusifolia L. CASOBsoybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Braxton’ GLXMAWeed interferencewater relationswater competitionstem flow gaugeXANSTCASOBGLXMA
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , June 1997 , pp. 409 - 413
Copyright
Copyright © 1997 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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