Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:02:44.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Simulation of Spring-Seeded Smother Plants for Weed Control in Corn (Zea mays)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Robert L. De Haan ,
Donald L. Wyse ,
Nancy J. Ehlke ,
Bruce D. Maxwell  and
Daniel H. Putnam
Robert L. De Haan
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Donald L. Wyse
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Nancy J. Ehlke
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Bruce D. Maxwell
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Daniel H. Putnam
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a short-term spring-seeded smother plant on corn development and weed control. Yellow mustard was managed to provide interference durations of 2,4,6, or 8 wk, and maximum height of 10 or 20 cm. Three yellow mustard planting patterns and eight seeding rates were evaluated during 1989 and 1990 at St. Paul and Rosemount, MN. Yellow mustard seeded at 2120 seeds m−2 with an interference duration of 4 wk and a maximum height of 10 cm decreased corn yield 17% and reduced weed dry weight 4 wk after yellow mustard emergence an average of 66%. Yellow mustard with a 2-wk interference duration did not reduce weed dry weight. Yellow mustard seeded at 2120 seeds m−2 with a 6- or 8-wk life cycle and 10-cm height reduced weed dry weight at the end of the interference period an average of 82% but delayed corn silk emergence an average of 5.3 d and reduced average grain yield 19%. Increasing yellow mustard height from 10 to 20 cm delayed corn silk emergence and reduced grain yield but did not decrease weed dry weight. Yellow mustard with an interference duration of 4 wk and a maximum height of 10 cm, seeded over the corn row at 530 seeds m−2, reduced weed dry weight 4 wk after mustard emergence an average of 51%, and resulted in an average corn grain yield reduction of 4%, compared with corn grown in monoculture averaged over weedy and weed-free treatments. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop spring-seeded smother plants that reduce weed biomass up to 80% but have only a small impact on corn yield.

Keywords

Corn, Zea mays L. ‘Funks G 4256 and 4234’Yellow mustard, Brassica hirta Moench ‘Kirby’Competitioncover cropsdensitiesliving mulchinterference
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 35 - 43
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Andersen, R. N. 1974. A small-plot granular herbicide applicator that requires no calibration. Weed Sci. 22:193–197.Google Scholar
2. Beckett, T. H., Stoller, E. W., and Wax, L. M. 1988. Interference of four annual weeds in corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 36:764–769.Google Scholar
3. Bunting, E. S. and Ludwig, J. W. 1964. Plant competition and weed control in maize. Proc. 7th Br. Weed Control Conf. 1:385–388.Google Scholar
4. Cousens, R. 1991. Aspects of the design and interpretation of competition (interference) experiments. Weed Technol. 5:664–673.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Donald, CM. 1968. The breeding of crop ideotypes. Euphytica 17:385–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Eckert, D. J. 1988. Rye cover crops for no-tillage corn and soybean production. J. Prod. Agric. 1:207–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Enache, A. J. and Ilnicki, R. D. 1988. Weed control by subterranean clover used as a living mulch. Prog. Rep. Clovers Spec. Purpose Legumes Res. 21:53.Google Scholar
8. Enache, A. J. and Ilnicki, R. D. 1987. Subterranean clover: winter hardiness study. Prog. Rep. Clovers Spec. Purpose Legumes Res. 20:36.Google Scholar
9. Hall, M. R., Swanton, C. J., and Anderson, G. W. 1992. The critical period of weed control in grain corn (Zea mays). Weed Sci. 40:441–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Hartwig, N. L. 1989. Influence of a crownvetch living mulch on dandelion invasion in corn. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 43:25–28.Google Scholar
11. Hartwig, N. L. and Loughran, J. C. 1989. Contribution of crownvetch with and without tillage to redroot pigweed control in corn. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 43:39–42.Google Scholar
12. Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1962. Competition of Setaria faberii with Corn and Soybeans. Weeds 10:26–29.Google Scholar
13. Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1969. Effect of time of giant foxtail removal from corn and soybeans. Weed Sci. 17:281–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Knake, E. L. and Slife, F. W. 1965. Giant foxtail seeded at various times in corn and soybeans. Weeds 13:331–334.Google Scholar
15. Moolani, M. K., Knake, E. L., and Slife, F. W. 1964. Competition of smooth pigweed with corn and soybeans. Weeds 12:126–128.Google Scholar
16. National Research Council. 1989. Pages 3–23 in Alternative Agriculture. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
17. Neito, J. H., Brando, M. A., and Gonzales, J. T. 1968. Critical periods of the crop growth cycle for competition from weeds. Pest Artie. News Summ. (C) 14:159–166.Google Scholar
18. Neter, J., Wasserman, W., and Kutner, M. H. 1983. Pages 466–490 in Applied Linear Regression Models. Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, IL.Google Scholar
19. Palada, M. C., Ganser, S., Hofstetter, R., Volak, B., and Culik, M. 1983. Association of interseeded legume cover crops and annual row crops in year-round cropping systems. Pages 193–213 in Lockeretz, W., ed. Environ mentally Sound Agriculture. Praeger Publishers, New York, NY.Google Scholar
20. Power, J. F. and Biederbeck, V. O. 1991. Role of cover crops in integrated crop production systems. Pages 167–174 in Hargrove, W. L., ed. Cover Crops for Clean Water. Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA.Google Scholar
21. Rasmusson, D. C. 1987. An evaluation of ideotype breeding. Crop Sci. 27:1140–1146.Google Scholar
22. Sibuga, K. P. and Bandeen, J. D. 1980. Effects of green foxtail and lamb's–quarters interference in field corn. Can. J. Plant Sci. 60:1419–1425.Google Scholar
23. Thomas, P. E. L. and Allison, J. C. S. 1975. Competition between maize and Rottboellia exaltata Linn. J. Agric. Sci. 84:305–312.Google Scholar
24. Triplett, G. B. Jr. 1985. Principles of weed control for reduced–tillage corn production. Pages 26–40 in Wiese, A. F., ed. Weed Control in Limited–tillage Systems. Weed Sci. Soc. Am., Champaign, IL.Google Scholar
25. Unamma, R. P. A. and Ene, L. S. O. 1984. Weed interference in cassava-maize intercrop in the rain forest of Nigeria. Pages 59–62 in Terry, E. R., Doku, E. V., Arene, O. B., and Mahungu, N. M., eds. Tropical Root Crops: Production and Uses in Africa. Proceedings of the 2nd-Triennial Symp. of the Int. Soc. of Tropical Root Crops-Africa Branch, Douala, Cameroun.Google Scholar
26. Warnes, D. D. 1988. Effect of precipitation on a winterrye cover crop system for soybean production in Minnesota. Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 43:42.Google Scholar
27. Williams, J. L. Jr. and Wicks, G. A. 1978. Weed control problems associated with crop residue systems. Pages 165–172 in Crop Residue Management Systems. Am. Soc. Agron. Spec. Publ. 31.Google Scholar
28. Worsham, D. A. 1991. Role of cover crops in weed management and water quality. Pages 141–145 in Hargrove, W. L., ed. Cover Crops for Clean Water. Soil and Water Conservation Society, Ankeny, IA.Google Scholar
29. Young, F. L., Wyse, D. L., and Jones, R. L. 1983. Effect of irrigation on quackgrass (Agropyron repens) interference in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci. 31:720–727.Google Scholar
30. Zimdahl, R. L. 1988. The concept and application of the critical weed-free period. Pages 145–155 in Altieri, M. A. and Liebman, M., eds. Weed Management in Agroecosystems: Ecological Approaches. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar