Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T23:25:54.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed production and retention at maturity of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and silky windgrass (Apera spica-venti) at wheat harvest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2020

Zahra Bitarafan Open the ORCID record for Zahra Bitarafan [Opens in a new window]  and
Christian Andreasen Open the ORCID record for Christian Andreasen [Opens in a new window]
Zahra Bitarafan
Affiliation:
Research Assistant, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2630Taastrup, Denmark
Christian Andreasen*
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2630Taastrup, Denmark
*
Author for correspondence: Christian Andreasen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 13, DK-2630Taastrup, Denmark. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) and silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.] are becoming a significant problem in Europe. Due to the development of herbicide-resistant biotypes and unwanted side effects of herbicides, there is a need for new integrated weed management strategies to control weeds. Therefore, reducing weed infestations by targeting seed production during crop harvest should be considered. In 2017 and 2018, we estimated the fraction of the total seed production of A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti in a field that potentially could be collected by a grain harvester during winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Twenty plants of each species were surrounded by a porous net before flowering to trap shed seeds during reproductive development. Seeds were collected and counted weekly up until and immediately before wheat harvest, and the ratio of harvestable seeds to shed seeds during the growing season was determined. Alopecurus myosuroides produced on average 953 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 3,337 seeds plant−1 in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, 29% and 37% of the total A. myosuroides seeds produced, respectively, were retained on plants at maturity. Apera spica-venti produced on average 1,192 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 5,678 seeds plant−1 in 2018, and retained 53% and 16% of the seeds at harvest, respectively. If a grain harvester potentially collected approximately 30% of the total seed production of the two grass weeds and removed or killed them, it would reduce seed input to the soil seedbank. However, such methods cannot stand alone to reduce weed pressure.

Keywords

Autumn-sown cropgrass weedsseed-shedding patternsoil seedbankweed seed productionweed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 68 , Issue 2 , March 2020 , pp. 151 - 156
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Prashant Jha, Iowa State University

References

Aamisepp, A, Avholm, K (1970) Apera spica-venti in Sweden: occurrence, biology and control. Pages 50–55in Proceedings of the 10th British Weed Control Conference. Brighton, UK: British Crop Protection CouncilGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, C, Bitarafan, Z, Fenselau, J, Glasner, C (2018) Exploiting waste heat from combine harvesters to damage harvested weed seeds and reduce weed Infestation. Agriculture 8:42CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, C, Streibig, JC (2011) Evaluation of changes in weed flora in arable fields of Nordic countries based on Danish long-term surveys. Weed Res 51:214–226CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreasen, C, Stryhn, H (2008) Increasing weed flora in Danish arable fields and its importance for biodiversity. Weed Res 48:1–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anonymous (1971) Landbrugsstatistik 1970 herunder gartneri og skovbrug. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danmarks Statistik. 247 pGoogle Scholar
Anonymous (2005) Landbrug 2004, Statistik om Landbrug, gartneri og skovbrug. Copenhagen, Denmark: Danmarks Statistik. 251 pGoogle Scholar
Anonymous (2009) Directive 2009/128/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 October 2009 establishing a framework for Community action to achieve the sustainable use of pesticides. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32009L0128. Accessed: October 31, 2019Google Scholar
Anonymous (2018) European Parliament resolution of 13 September 2018 on the implementation of the Plant Protection Products Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 (2017/2128(INI)) http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P8-TA-2018-0356+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN. Accessed: December 13, 2018Google Scholar
Balsari, P, Finassi, A, Airoldi, G (1994) Development of a device to separate weed seeds harvested by a combine and reduce their degree of germination. Report No. 94-D-062. Pages 562−573in Proceedings of the 12th World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural Engineers. Milan, Italy: International Commission of Agricultural EngineersGoogle Scholar
Barroso, J, Navarrete, L, Sanchez Del Arco, MJ, Fernandez-Quintanilla, C, Lutman, PJW, Perry, NH, Hull, RI (1994) Dispersal of Avena fatua and Avena sterilis patches by natural dissemination, soil tillage and combine harvesters. Weed Res 46:118–128CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, D, Maechler, M, Bolker, B, Walker, S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanco-Moreno, JM, Chamorro, L, Masalles, RM, Recasens, J, Sans, FX (2004) Spatial distribution of Lolium rigidum seedling following seed dispersal by combine harvesters. Weed Res 44:375–387CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broster, JC, Walsh, MJ, Chambers, AJ (2016) Harvest weed seed control: the influence of harvester set up and speed on efficiency on south-eastern Australia wheat crops. Pages 38–41in Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Weeds Conference. Perth, Western Australia: Weed Society of Western AustraliaGoogle Scholar
Budd, EG, Shildrick, JP (1968) Preliminary observations of competition between Alopecurus myosuroides and grass seed crops. Pages 9–13in Proceedings of the 9th British Weed Control Conference. Brighton, UK: British Crop Protection CouncilGoogle Scholar
[DMI] Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut (2018) Vejr, klima og hav. https://www.dmi.dk/vejr/arkiver/maanedsaesonaar. Accessed: January 14, 2019Google Scholar
Feldman, M, Reed, WB (1974) Distribution of wild oat seeds during cereal crop swathing and combining. Proceedings of the 1974 Annual Meeting of Canadian Society of Agricultural Engineering. Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, August 4−8, 1974Google Scholar
Glasner, C, Andreasen, C, Vieregge, C, Dikiy, A, Fenselau, J, Bitarafan, Z, Shumilina, E (2018) Adaptations of harvesting methods and concepts in order to reduce weeds on agricultural fields and to gain potentially a so far unexploited biomass feedstock. Pages 64–71in Proceedings of the 26th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition. Copenhagen, Denmark: European Biomass Conference and ExhibitionGoogle Scholar
Gommers, CMM, Visser, EJW, Onge, KRS, Voesenek, LACJ, Pierik, R (2013) Shade tolerance: when growing tall is not an option. Trends Plant Sci 18:65–71CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holm-Nielsen, C (1998) Frø fra det dyrkede land. Forskningscenter Flakkebjerg. Copenhagen: Ministeriet for Fødevare, Landbrug or Fiskeri. 178 pGoogle Scholar
Holzner, W, ed (1981) Ackerunkruter: Bestimmung, Verbreitung, Biologie und Ecologie. Graz, Stuttgart: Leopold Stocker. 175 pGoogle Scholar
Holzner, W, Hayashi, I, Glauninger, J (1982) Reproductive strategy of annual agrestals. Pp 111–121in Holzner, W, NumataMW, eds. MW, eds.Biology and Ecology of Weeds. The Haque: Junk PublishersCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hothorn, T, Bretz, B, Westfall, P (2008) Simultaneous inference in general parametric models. Biom J 50:346–363Google ScholarPubMed
Howard, CL, Mortimer, AM, Gould, P, Putwain, PD, Cousens, R, Cussens, GW (1991) The dispersal of weeds—seed movement in arable agriculture. Pages 461–490in Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Lavenham, UK: British Crop Protection CouncilGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, K, Jensen, JA, Bitarafan, Z, Andreasen, C (2019) Killing weed seeds with exhaust gas from a combine harvester. Agronomy 9:544Google Scholar
Kampe, W (1975) The emergence dynamics of black grass (Alopecurus myosuroides) and silky apera (Apera spica-venti) in the Palatinate in 1970 to 1974. Gesunde Pflanz 27:133–138Google Scholar
Keshtkar, E, Mathiassen, SK, Moss, SR, Kudsk, P (2015) Resistance profile of herbicide-resistant Alopecurus myosuroides (black-grass) populations in Denmark. Crop Prot 69:83–89CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, W (1968) Environmental factors effecting the germination of some annual grasses. Pages 14–19in Proceedings of the 9th British Weed Control Conference. Brighton, UK: British Crop Protection CouncilGoogle Scholar
Massa, D, Gerhards, R (2011) Investigation on herbicide resistance in European silky bent grass (Apera spica-venti) populations. J Plant Dis Prot 118:31–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melander, B (1993) Population dynamics of Apera spica-venti as influenced by cultural methods. Pages 107–112in Proceedings of the Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Weeds. Brighton, UK: British Crop Protection CouncilGoogle Scholar
Melander, B (1995) Impact of drilling date on Apera spica-venti L. and Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter cereals. Weed Res 35:157–166CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melander, B, Holst, N, Jensen, PK, Hansen, EM, Olsen, JE (2008) Apera spica-venti population dynamics and impact on crop yield as affected by tillage, crop rotation, location and herbicide programmes. Weed Res 48:48–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, SR (2013) Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides): everything you really wanted to know about black-grass but didn’t know who to ask. A Rothamsted Technical Publication. Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK: Rothamsted Research. 4 pGoogle Scholar
Moss, SR (1983) The production and shedding of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. seeds in winter cereals crop. Weed Res 23:45–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naylor, REL (1972) Aspects of the population dynamics of the weed Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in winter cereal crops. J Appl Ecol 9:127–139CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raymond, ATG (2011) Agricultural Seed Production. Cambridge, MA: CABI. 216 pGoogle Scholar
Shirtliffe, SJ, Entz, MH, Van Acker, RC (2000) Avena fatua development and seed shatter as related to thermal time. Weed Sci 48:555–560CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szekeres, F (1991) The development of Apera spica-venti. Bot Kozlemenyek 78:113–125Google Scholar
Taghizadeh, MS, Nicolas, MA, Cousens, RD (2012) Effects of relative emergence time and water deficit on the timing of fruit dispersal in Raphanus raphanistrum L. Crop Pasture Sci 63:1018–1025CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vandenbussche, F, Pierik, R, Millenaar, FF, Voesenek, LACJ, Van Der Straeten, D (2005) Reaching out of the shade. Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:462–468CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vizantinopoulos, S, Katranis, N (1998) Management of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) in winter wheat in Greece. Weed Technol 12:484–490CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, M, Newman, P, Powles, S (2013) Targeting weed seeds in-crop: a new weed control paradigm for global agriculture. Weed Technol 27:431–436CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Broster, JC, Aves, C, Powles, SB (2018a) Influence of crop competition and harvest weed seed control on rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed retention height in wheat crop canopies. Weed Sci 66:627–633CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Broster, JC, Schwartz-Lazaro, LM, Norsworthy, JK, Davis, AS, Tidemann, BD, Beckie, HJ, Lyon, DJ, Soni, N, Neve, P, Bagavathiannan, MV (2018b) Opportunities and challenges for harvest weed seed control in global cropping systems. Pest Manag Sci 74:2235–2245CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2007) Management strategies for herbicide-resistant weed populations in Australian dryland crop production systems. Weed Technol 21:331–338CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warwick, SI, Black, LD, Zilkey, BF (1985) Biology of Canadian weeds. 72. Apera spica-venti. Can J Plant Sci 65:711–721CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yasin, M, Rosenqvist, E, Andreasen, C (2017) The effect of reduced light intensity on grass weeds. Weed Sci 65:603–613CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zerner, MC, Gill, GC, Vandeleur, RK (2008) Effect of height on the competitive ability of wheat with oats. Agron J 100:1729–1734CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimdahl, RL, ed (2004) Weed–Crop Competition: A Review. Ames, IA: Blackwell. 198 pCrossRefGoogle Scholar