Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:25:26.044Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed Fecundity, Persistence, and Germination Biology of Prairie Groundcherry (Physalis hederifolia) in Australia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2018

Hanwen Wu ,
Rex Stanton  and
Deirdre Lemerle
Hanwen Wu*
Affiliation:
Principal Research Scientist, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
Rex Stanton
Affiliation:
Research Fellow, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
Deirdre Lemerle
Affiliation:
Professor, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
*
Author for correspondence: Hanwen Wu, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (NSW Department of Primary Industries and Charles Sturt University), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, Pine Gully Road, NSW 2650, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Prairie groundcherry [Physalis hederifolia (A. Gray) var. fendleri (A. Gray) Cronquist] is an invasive perennial weed with the potential to become a significant summer weed across 409 million hectares in Australia. Current management practices do not provide effective control of established populations. A better understanding of the seed biology is needed to effectively manage this weed. A series of field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine plant fecundity, soil seedbank longevity, and the factors that affect seed germination. Physalis hederifolia has the capacity to produce 66 to 86 berries plant−1, 51 to 74 seeds berry−1, and approximately 4,500 seeds plant−1, with the seeds potentially able to persist in the soil seedbank for 20 yr if buried in an intact dry berry pod. The bare-seed component of the soil seedbank can be virtually exhausted within 3 yr if cultivation is minimized to avoid burial of seed. Optimal temperature for germination is diurnal fluctuations of 15 C within the temperature range of 10 and 30 C. Increasing osmotic stress levels reduced the germination under all temperature regimes, with less than 6% germination occurring at −0.96 MPa. Physalis hederifolia seed germination was not significantly affected by substrate pH 4 to 10 or salt levels less than 160 mM, while the germination was significantly reduced at NaCl concentrations above 160 mM. These results suggest that P. hederifolia can adapt to a range of substrate conditions. Stopping seed set, avoiding grazing plants with viable seeds, and minimizing seed burial in the soil are some effective strategies to control this weed.

Keywords

Hilary A. Sandler, University of MassachusettsBurialosmotic stresspHsalinityseedbanktemperatureweed biologyweed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 67 , Issue 1 , January 2019 , pp. 77 - 82
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bell, VDOliver, LR (1979) Germination, control, and competition of cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata) in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci 27:133–138Google Scholar
Chen, GQ, Guo, SLHuang, QS (2009) Invasiveness evaluation of fireweed (Crassocephalum crepidioides) based on its seed germination features. Weed Biol Manage 9:123–128Google Scholar
De Souza, MO, Pelacani, CR, Willems, AJL, De Castro, DR, Hilhorst, WMH Ligterink, W (2016) Effect of osmopriming on germination and initial growth of Physalis angulata L. under salt stress and on expression of associated genes. An Acad Bras Ciênc 88:503–516Google Scholar
Donaldson, TW (1984) Chemical control of prairie ground cherry (Physalis viscosa L.). Aust. Weeds 3:13–15Google Scholar
Faulkner, SYoung, K (2006) The effect of rhizome fragment length and burial depth on Physalis viscosa L. survival. Pages 130–132 in Proceedings of the 15th Australian Weeds Conference. Adelaide: Weed Management Society of South AustraliaGoogle Scholar
Grice, AC (2002) Weeds of Significance to the Grazing Industries of Australia: Final Report Prepared for MLA. North Sydney, Australia: Meat and Livestock Australia Report COMP.045Google Scholar
Haegi, L, Purdie, RWSymon, DE (1982) Flora of Australia. Volume 29, Solanaceae. Canberra: Bureau of Flora and Fauna, CanberraGoogle Scholar
Kwong, R (2006) Feasibility of biological control of solanaceous weeds of temperate Australia; silverleaf nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. and prairie ground cherry, Physalis viscosa L. North Sydney, Australia: Meat and Livestock Australia Report Weed. 120Google Scholar
Michel, BE (1983) Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol 72:66–70Google Scholar
Ozaslan, C, Farooq, S, Önen, H, Ozcan, S, Bukun, BGunal, H (2017) Germination biology of two invasive Physalis species and implications for their management in arid and semi-arid regions. Sci Rep 7, 10.1038/s41598-017-17169-5Google Scholar
Parsons, WTCuthbertson, EG (2001) Noxious Weeds of Australia. Melbourne: CSIRO PublishingGoogle Scholar
Price, AJ, Monks, CDKelton, JA (2013) Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata) density, biomass and seed production in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) following regrowth due to inadequate control. Peanut Sci 40:120–126Google Scholar
Symon, DE (1986) Flora of South Australia. Part III, Polemoniaceae-Compositae. In Jessop JP, Toelken HR, eds. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Adelaide: Flora and Fauna of South Australia Handbooks CommitteeGoogle Scholar
Thomson, CEWitt, WW (1987) Germination of cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata), smooth groundcherry (Physalis virginiana), and eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum). Weed Sci 35:58–62Google Scholar
Travlos, IS (2012) Invasiveness of cut-leaf ground-cherry (Physalis angulata L.) populations and impact of soil water and nutrient availability. Chilean J Agric Res 72:358–363Google Scholar
Whitson, MManos, PS (2005) Untangling Physalis (Solanaceae) from the Physaloids: a two-gene phylogeny of the Physalinae. Syst Bot 30:216–230Google Scholar
Wu, H, Stanton, RLemerle, D (2016) Herbicidal control of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) in Australia. Crop Prot 88:58–64Google Scholar
Yildirim, E, Karlidag, HDursun, A (2011) Salt tolerance of Physalis during germination and seedling growth. Pak J Bot 43:2673–2676Google Scholar