Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T07:02:18.254Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rapid and Effective Methods for Breaking Seed Dormancy in Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Shouhui Wei ,
Chaoxian Zhang ,
Xuezheng Chen ,
Xiangju Li ,
Biaofeng Sui ,
Hongjuan Huang ,
Hailan Cui ,
Yan Liu ,
Meng Zhang  and
Feng Guo
Shouhui Wei
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Chaoxian Zhang*
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Xuezheng Chen
Affiliation:
Hebei Agricultural University, No. 289 Lingyusi Street, Baoding 071001, China
Xiangju Li
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Biaofeng Sui
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Hongjuan Huang
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Hailan Cui
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Yan Liu
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Meng Zhang
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Feng Guo
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Key Laboratory of Weed and Rodent Biology and Management, CAAS, No. 2 West Yuanmingyuan Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The spread of buffalobur in China poses a serious threat to existing ecosystems, and control and eradication of this species have become increasingly important. Studies were carried out to ascertain the seed production, morphological characterization, dormancy behavior, and methods for breaking dormancy of buffalobur. The results showed that a single buffalobur plant could produce 1,600 to 43,800 seeds with an average weight of 3.0 mg. Average seed length, width, and thickness were 2.5, 2.0, and 1.0 mm, respectively. Newly ripened buffalobur seeds were innately dormant and exhibited combinational dormancy, which involves a hard seed coat (physical dormancy, PY), a partial dormant embryo (physiological dormancy, PD), and a dark requirement to germinate. PY of buffalobur seeds could be broken by dehusking or acid scarification by 14 M H2SO4 for 15 min, with germination rates of 55 or 50%, respectively. PD was effectively broken by KNO3 or gibberellic acid (GA3). The optimum concentration for KNO3 was between 20 and 40 mM, which resulted in over 70% seed germination. When presoaked with GA3 at 30 C in dark for 24 h, maximum germination (> 98%) was obtained at 2.4 mM, the corresponding germination speed (85%) and germination index (16) were also highest at this concentration. Synergistic effects were observed in seed germination when H2SO4 and GA3 were combined. The most rapid and effective combination in breaking dormancy was when the seeds were immersed in H2SO4 (14 M) for 20 min and presoaked with 2.4 mM GA3 for 24 h. Germination index for this combination was over 35, and 95% of the seeds germinated within 7 d. Knowledge gained in this study will be useful in increasing germination of buffalobur and facilitating further laboratory studies.

Keywords

Buffalobur, Solanum rostratum Dunal SOLCUScarificationendosperm capgibberellic acidpotassium nitratesulfuric acid
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 58 , Issue 2 , June 2010 , pp. 141 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Bah, M., Gutierrez, D. M., Escobedo, C., Mendoza, S., Rojas, J. I., and Rojas, A. 2004. Methylprotodioscin from the Mexican medical plant Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 32:197–202.Google Scholar
Balaguera-Lopez, H. E., Cardenas-Hernandez, J. F., and Alvarez-Herrera, J. G. 2009. Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Acta Hort. (ISHS) 821:141–148.Google Scholar
Baskin, C. C. and Baskin, J. M. 1998. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA Academic Press. 666.Google Scholar
Bassett, I. J. and Munro, D. B. 1986. The biology of Canadian weeds. 78. Solanum carolinense L. and Solanum rostratum Dunal. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:977–991.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benech-Arnold, R. L., Sanchez, R. A., Forcella, F., Kruk, B., and Ghersa, C. M. 2000. Environmental control of dormancy in weed seed banks in soil. Field Crops Res. 67:105–122.Google Scholar
Bithell, S. L., McKenzie, B. A., Bourdot, G. W., Hill, G. D., and Wratten, S. D. 2002. Germination requirements of laboratory stored seeds of black nightshade and hairy nightshade. Pages 222–227. in. Proceedings of the 55th Conference of the New Zealand Plant Protection. Rotorua, New Zealand New Zealand Plant Protection Society, Inc.Google Scholar
Burnside, O. C., Wilson, R. G., Weisberg, S., and Hubbard, K. G. 1996. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in eastern and western Nebraska. Weed Sci. 44:74–86.Google Scholar
Cirak, C., Kevseroglu, K., and Saglam, B. 2004. Physical and physiological dormancy in black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.) seeds. J. Plant Biol. 47:391–395.Google Scholar
Cohn, M. A. 1996. Chemical mechanisms of breaking seed dormancy. Seed Sci. Res. 6:95–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooley, A. W. and Smith, D. T. 1973. Germination and emergence of buffalobur, morningglory and cocklebur. Consolidated Progress Report, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 1973. Nos. PR 3197-3209: Weed and Herbicide Research in West Texas 1971–73, 11–14.Google Scholar
da Silva, E. A. A., Toorop, E. P., van Aelst, A. C., and Hilhorst, H. W. M. 2004. Abscisic acid controls embryo growth potential and endosperm cap weakening during coffee (Coffea arabica cv. Rubi) seed germination. Planta. 220:251–261.Google Scholar
DeFelice, M. S. 2003. The black nightshades, Solanum nigrum L. et al.—poison, poultice, and pie. Weed Technol. 17:421–427.Google Scholar
Dickens, R. and Moore, G. M. 1974. Effects of light, temperature, KNO3, and storage on germination of cogongrass. Agron. J. 66:187–188.Google Scholar
Gao, F., Xu, C., and Zhou, Y. L. 2005. The evaluation of potential fatalness for a kind of exotic species Solanum rostratum and strategies for its control. J Beijing Normal University. 41:420–424. [In Chinese].Google Scholar
Grubisic, D. and Konjevic, R. 1990. Light and nitrate interaction in phytochrome-controlled germination of Paulownia tomentosa seeds. Planta. 181:239–243.Google Scholar
Guan, G. Q., Gao, D. C., Li, W. Y., Ye, J., Xin, X. G., and Li, S. D. 1984. A quarantine weed: Solanum rostratum . Plant Quarantine. 4:25–28. [In Chinese].Google Scholar
Hilton, J. R. 1984. The influence of light and potassium nitrate on the dormancy and germination of Avena fatua L. (wildoat) seed and its ecological significance. New Phytol. 96:31–34.Google Scholar
Huang, W. Z. and Hsiao, I. A. 1987. Factors affecting seed dormancy and germination of Paspalum distichum . Weed Res. 27:405–415.Google Scholar
Joshua, A. 1978. Seed germination of Solanum incanum: an example of germination problems of tropical vegetable crops. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 83:155–162.Google Scholar
Keeley, P. E. and Thullen, R. J. 1983. Influence of planting date on the growth of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). Weed Sci. 31:180–184.Google Scholar
Nadjafi, F., Bannayan, M., Tabrizi, L., and Rastgoo, M. 2006. Seed germination and dormancy breaking techniques for Ferula gummosa and Teucrium polium . J. Arid Environ. 64:542–547.Google Scholar
Ogg, A. G. Jr. and Rogers, B. S. 1989. Taxonomy, distribution, biology, and control of black nightshade and related species in the United States and Canada. Rev. Weed Sci. 4:25–58.Google Scholar
Pauline, B. and Dionne, L. A. 1961. Use of gibberellin to hasten germination of Solanum seed. Nature. 189:327–328.Google Scholar
Pinto, L. V. A., da Silva, E. A. A., Davide, A. C., de Jesus, V. A. M., Toorop, P. E., and Hilhorst, H. W. M. 2007. Mechanism and control of Solanum lycocarpum seed germination. Ann. Bot. (London) 100:1175–1187.Google Scholar
Roberts, E. H. and Benjamin, S. K. 1979. The interaction of light, nitrate and alternating temperature on the germination of Chenopodium album, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Poa annua before and after chilling. Seed Sci. Technol. 7:379–392.Google Scholar
Roberts, H. A. and Lockett, P. M. 1978. Seed dormancy and field emergence in Solanum nigrum L. Weed Res. 18:231–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rushing, D. W., Murray, D. S., and Verhalen, L. M. 1985. Weed interference with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). I. Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum). Weed Sci. 33:810–814.Google Scholar
Sanchez, R. A., Sunell, L., Labavitch, J. M., and Bonner, B. A. 1990. Changes in the endosperm cell walls of two Datura species before radicle protrusion. Plant Physiol. 93:89–97.Google Scholar
Sosnoskie, L. M. and Cardina, J. 2009. Laboratory methods for breaking dormancy in garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) seeds. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag. 2:185–189.Google Scholar
Steinbauer, G. P., Grigsby, B., Correa, L., and Frank, P. 1955. A study of methods for obtaining laboratory germination of certain weed seeds. Proceedings of the Association of Official Seed Analysts. 45:48–52.Google Scholar
Taab, A. and Andersson, L. 2009. Seasonal changes in seed dormancy of Solanum nigrum and Solanum physalifolium . Weed Res. 49:90–97.Google Scholar
Toorop, P. E., Van Aelst, A. C., and Hilhorst, H. W. M. 2000. The second step of the biphasic endosperm cap weakening that mediates tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) seed germination is under control of ABA. J. Exp. Bot. 51:1371–1379.Google Scholar
[USDA] United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service 2009. Plants Profile for Solanum rostratum (buffalobur nightshade). http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SORO. Accessed: January 18, 2009.Google Scholar
Wei, S. H., Zhang, C. X., Liu, Y., Huang, H. J., Meng, Q. H., Cui, H. L., and Li, X. J. 2007. Invasive weed species buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) and its risk assessment. Chinese Agric. Sci. Bull. 23 (3):347–351. [In Chinese].Google Scholar
Zhou, J., Deckard, E. L., and Ahrens, W. H. 2005a. Factors affecting germination of hairy nightshade (Solanum sarrachoides) seeds. Weed Sci. 53:41–45.Google Scholar
Zhou, J., Deckard, E. L., and Messersmith, C. G. 2005b. Factors affecting eastern black nightshade (Solanum ptycanthum) seed germination. Weed Sci. 53:651–656.Google Scholar
Zhou, J., Tao, B., Deckard, E. L., and Messersmith, C. G. 2006. Garden huckleberry (Solanum melanocerasium) germination, seed survival, and response to herbicides. Weed Sci. 54:478–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar