Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T08:58:43.025Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Movement of Alachlor and Metribuzin from Controlled Release Formulations in a Sandy Soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Gwen F. Fleming ,
Loyd M. Wax ,
F. William Simmons  and
Allan S. Felsot
Gwen F. Fleming
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Univ. Illinois
Loyd M. Wax
Affiliation:
U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Crop Prot. Res., Urbana, IL 61801
F. William Simmons
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801
Allan S. Felsot
Affiliation:
Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv., 607 E. Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field and column experiments were conducted to determine the effect of controlled release formulations on weed control and leaching of alachlor and metribuzin on a Plainfield sand. Controlled release formulations including two starch encapsulations of both herbicides and a microencapsulation of alachlor were compared to emulsifiable concentrate and dry flowable formulations of alachlor and metribuzin, respectively. Herbicide movement was measured in laboratory columns and in the field throughout two growing seasons to a soil depth of 91 cm. Soybean injury and weed control were monitored. No significant differences in herbicide movement between starch-encapsulated and emulsifiable concentrate formulations were observed in either field or column experiments. Microencapsulation resulted in the greatest retention of alachlor in the soil surface in field and columns. Compared to the dry flowable formulation, starch encapsulation did not affect metribuzin distribution in the field but reduced leaching in columns. Controlled release formulations did not result in significant differences in weed control and soybean injury compared to the emulsifiable concentrate alachlor and dry flowable metribuzin formulations. Starch encapsulations had a limited effect on alachlor and metribuzin movement. Degradation appeared to be the primary mechanism for herbicide dissipation while leaching losses were minor.

Keywords

Alachlor, 2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamidemetribuzin, 4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)- onesoybean, Glycine max (L.) MerrLeachingstarch encapsulationmicroencapsulationsoil columns
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 40 , Issue 4 , December 1992 , pp. 606 - 613
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bahadir, M. and Pfister, G. 1990. Controlled release formulations of pesticides. Pages 1–64 in Chemistry of Plant Protection. Vol. 6. Controlled Release, Biochemical Effects of Pesticides, Inhibition of Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Haug, G. and Hoffmann, H., eds. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
2. Beestman, G. B. and Deming, J. M. 1974. Dissipation of acetanilide herbicides from soils. Agron. J. 66:308–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Carr, M. W., Wing, R. E., and Doane, W. M. 1991. Encapsulation of atrazine within a starch matrix by extrusion processing. Cereal Chem. 68:262–266.Google Scholar
4. Cohen, S. Z., Eiden, C., and Lorber, M. N. 1986. Monitoring groundwater for pesticides. Pages 170–196 in Garner, W. Y. et al., eds. Evaluation of Pesticides in Ground Water. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Foley, M. E. and Wax, L. M. 1980. Effects of starch xanthate and sludge polymer on the initial activity with delayed incorporation, residual activity, and crop safety of several herbicides. Weed Sci. 28:626–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Glotfelty, D. E., Leech, M. M., Jersey, J., and Taylor, A. W. 1989. Volatilization and wind erosion of soil surface applied atrazine, simazine, alachlor and toxaphene. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37:546–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Koncal, J. J., Gorske, S. F., and Fretz, T. A. 1981. Leaching of EPTC, alachlor, and metolachlor through a nursery medium as influenced by herbicide formulations. Hortscience. 16:757–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Petersen, B. B. and Shea, P. J. 1989. Microencapsulated alachlor and its behavior on wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw. Weed Sci. 37:719–723.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Petersen, B. B., Shea, P. J., and Wicks, G. A. 1988. Acetanilide activity and dissipation as influenced by formulation and wheat stubble. Weed Sci. 36:243–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Riggle, B. D. and Penner, D. 1988. Controlled release of three herbicides with the kraft lignin PC940C. Weed Sci. 36:131–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Schoppet, M. J., Gish, T. J., and Helling, C. S. 1989. Effect of starch encapsulation on atrazine mobility in small undisturbed soil columns. ASAE Paper No. 89-2507. ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.Google Scholar
12. Schreiber, M. M., Shasha, B. S., Trimnell, D., and White, M. D. 1987. Controlled release herbicides. Pages 171–191 in Methods of Applying Herbicides. McWhorter, C. G. and Gebhardt, M. R., eds. WSSA Monograph 4.Google Scholar
13. Shasha, B. S., Trimnell, D., and Otey, F. H. 1981. Encapsulation of pesticides in a starch-calcium adduct. J. Polym. Sci. 19:1891–1899.Google Scholar
14. Shasha, B. S., Doane, W. M., and Russell, C. R. 1976. Starch encapsulated pesticides for slow release. J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed. 14:417–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15. Trimnell, D., Shasha, B. S., Wing, R. E., and Otey, F. H. 1982. Pesticide encapsulation using a starch-borate complex as wall material. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 27:3919–3929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Wauchope, D. R., Glaze, N. C., and Dowler, C. C. 1990. Mobility and efficacy of controlled-release formulations of atrazine. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 30:216.Google Scholar
17. Weed Science Society of America. 1989. Pages 8–10 and 183–185 in Herbicide Handbook of the WSSA. 6th ed.Google Scholar
18. Wing, R. E., Maiti, S., and Doane, W. M. 1987. Effectiveness of jet-cooked pearl cornstarch as a controlled release matrix. Starch Staerke. 39:422–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Wu, T. L. and Fox, B. M. 1980. Rate of disappearance of atrazine and alachlor in cornfield soils. Proc. Northeast. Weed Sci. Soc. 34:147–154.Google Scholar