Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:42:04.706Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Leaf Surface Morphology of Erythroxylum sp. and Droplet Spread

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Chester G. McWhorter
Affiliation:
Appl. Tech. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS. Stoneville, MS 38776
Clark Ouzts
Affiliation:
Appl. Tech. Res. Unit, USDA-ARS. Stoneville, MS 38776

Abstract

Studies were conducted to examine the micromorphology of leaf surfaces of coca and nova plants and to determine which spray diluents provided optimum coverage of leaf surfaces. Adaxial leaf surfaces of both species were covered with a smooth layer of polygonal-shaped epidermal cells which were covered with wax crystals. Abaxial leaf surfaces were composed only of papillae cells and the guard and subsidiary cells surrounding stomata. Abaxial leaf surfaces of both species were also covered with wax crystals. Average wax weights were 28 to 53 μg cm−2. Water droplets containing an organosilicone surfactant at 0.1% by vol spread better on leaf surfaces that did other adjuvants. Droplets of several different petroleum-based oils spread much better on leaf surfaces than either water droplets with adjuvants or droplets of soybean or cottonseed oil.

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Anonymous. 1983. Oil-sensitive paper CF1 for monitoring spray distribution. Ciba-Giegy, Ltd. Publ. 19660XYe, Basle, Switzerland. 16 pp.Google Scholar
2. Anonymous. 1985. Water-sensitive paper for monitoring spray distribution. Ciba-Giegy, Ltd. Publ. 19374XYe, Basle, Switzerland. 16 pp.Google Scholar
3. Baker, E. A. and Hunt, G. M. 1986. Erosion of waxes from leaf surfaces by simulated rain. New Phytol. 102:161173.Google Scholar
4. Ballard, C. W. 1926. Structural variations in Erythroxylum leaves. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 15:343549.Google Scholar
5. Burton, G. W., Hanna, W. W., Johnson, J. C. Jr., Leuck, D. B., Monson, W. G., Powell, J. B., Wells, H. D., and Widstrom, N. W. 1977. Pleiotropic effects of the tr trichomeless gene in pearl millet on transpiration, forage quality, and pest resistance. Crop Sci. 17:613616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Freeman, B., Albrigo, L. G., and Biggs, R. H. 1979. Ultrastructure and chemistry of cuticular waxes of developing citrus leaves and fruits. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 104:801808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7. Gentner, W. A. 1972. The genus Erythroxylum in Columbia. Cespedesia. 1(4):481555.Google Scholar
8. Mauseth, J. D. 1988. Periderm and bark. Pages 351367 in Plant Anatomy. Benjamin/Cummings Publ. Co., Menlo Park, CA.Google Scholar
9. Mayeux, H. S. Jr. and Jordan, W. R. 1984. Variation in amounts of epicuticular wax on leaves of Prosopis glandulosa . Bot. Gaz. 145:2632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Mayeux, H. S. Jr. and Jordan, W. R. 1987. Rainfall removes epicuticular waxes from Isocoma leaves. Bot. Gaz. 148:420425.Google Scholar
11. McWhorter, C. G. 1993. Epicuticular wax on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) leaves. Weed Sci. 41:475482.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. McWhorter, C. G., Ouzts, C., and Hanks, J. E. 1993. Spread of water on oil droplets on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) leaves. Weed Sci. 41:460467.Google Scholar
13. McWhorter, C. G., Paul, R. N., and Barrentine, W. L. 1990. Morphology, development, and recrystallization of epicuticular waxes on johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 38:2233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14. Plowman, T. 1979. Botanical perspectives on coca. J. Phych. Drugs 11:103117.Google Scholar
15. Plowman, T. 1984. The ethnobotany of coca (Erythroxylum spp., Erythroxylaceae). Adv. Econ. Bot. 1:62111.Google Scholar
16. Rury, P. M. 1981. Systematic anatomy of Erythroxylum P. Browne: practical and evolutionary implications for the cultivated cocas. J. Ethnopharmacol. 3:229263.Google Scholar
17. Wan, C. and Sosebee, R. E. 1991. Water Relations and transpiration of honey mesquite on two sites in west Texas. J. Range Manage. 44:156160.Google Scholar