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Formulations of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. erythroxyli for biocontrol of Erythroxylum coca var. coca

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Bryan A. Bailey ,
K. Prakash Hebbar ,
Mary Strem ,
Robert D. Lumsden ,
Lee C. Darlington ,
William J. Connick Jr.  and
D. J. Daigle
K. Prakash Hebbar
Affiliation:
Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
Mary Strem
Affiliation:
Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
Robert D. Lumsden
Affiliation:
Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
Lee C. Darlington
Affiliation:
Weed Science Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705
William J. Connick Jr.
Affiliation:
Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179
D. J. Daigle
Affiliation:
Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179
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Abstract

Formulations of Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f.sp. erythroxyli isolate EN-4, pathogenic to Erythroxylum coca var. coca (coca) were evaluated in greenhouse and field studies to determine their relative ability to enhance pathogen populations in the soil or cause disease in coca. The formulations rice-alginate prill, Pesta, and C6 were most thoroughly tested and are products of three formulation processes. The formulations were applied in the greenhouse and field at 33.6 kg ha−1. All the formulations tested enhanced the population of EN-4 in the soil during greenhouse (> 6 wk) and field (> 7 mo) experiments. EN-4 was present in the upper 1 cm of formulation-treated soil at > 200-fold higher populations than established below a depth of 7 to 10 cm in both greenhouse and field experiments. This population distribution was maintained throughout the 7-mo sampling period for field experiments. The enhanced soil populations of EN-4 were associated with an increase in root colonization by the pathogen EN-4 in the field 5 to 7 mo after treatment. The formulated F. oxysporum began to have a significant effect on plant death 100 to 200 d after application in two of three field experiments, based on repeated measures analysis. The various formulations tested tended to establish similar pathogen populations in soil and subsequently caused similar levels of disease. The primary factors influencing formulation performance may be environmental, since inoculum production is dependent on sporulation of the formulation, which, although rapid, may continue over several weeks subsequent to application.

Keywords

Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtend:Fr. f.sp. erythroxylicoca, Erythroxylum coca var. coca.Ecologymycoherbicide
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 6 , December 1998 , pp. 682 - 689
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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