Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T06:16:32.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Chlorsulfuron on Rhizobium Grown in Pure Culture and in Symbiosis with Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Anna M. Mårtensson  and
Åsa K. Nilsson
Anna M. Mårtensson
Affiliation:
Dep. Soil Sciences, Swedish Univ. Agric. Sciences, Box 7014, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
Åsa K. Nilsson
Affiliation:
Dep. Microbiol., Swedish Univ. Agric. Sciences, Box 7025, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of chlorsulfuron on growth, infective ability, and symbiotic performance of legume bacteria was investigated. Bacterial growth in pure culture was unaffected by the addition of 0.55 and 5.5 μM chlorsulfuron. Early root hair infections of alfalfa by bacteria were inhibited by chlorsulfuron at 0.28 pM but not at 0.0028 pM in the root media. Inhibition of infection resulted from herbicidal effects on the root hair development. When inoculated red clover and alfalfa plants were grown in aseptic cultures in the presence of 0, 5.5, or 55 μM of chlorsulfuron, only 55 μM of herbicide inhibited the development and nodulation of plants. Early emergence and growth of alfalfa plants in soil supplemented with 2 × 10-6, 2 × 10-3, 2, 4, and 8 g/ha of chlorsulfuron were unaffected. However, 5 to 8 days after emergence plants grown in soil supplemented with 4 or 8 g/ha of chlorsulfuron were severely damaged, with no nodules developed. Nodulation occurred in plants grown in soil containing 2 × 10-3, 3 × 10-6, and 2 g/ha chlorsulfuron, but the nitrogenase activity of the nodules of these plants was less than for control plants. Plants grown in soil containing 2 g/ha of chlorsulfuron developed normally only after an initial growth inhibition of 5 to 6 weeks. The inhibition of nodulation and nitrogenase activity of nodules grown in the presence of chlorsulfuron is probably due to adverse effects of the herbicide on plant growth and development rather than on the rhizobia.

Keywords

Chlorsulfuron, 2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] carbonyl] benzenesulfonamidealfalfa, Medicago sativa ‘Vertus’red clover, Trifolium pratense ‘Britta’Herbicidesnitrogen fixationroot hair infectionGlean®
Type
Soil, Air, and Water
Information
Weed Science , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , May 1989 , pp. 445 - 450
Copyright
Copyright © 1989 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Brown, C. M. and Dilworth, M. J. 1975. Ammonia assimilation by Rhizobium cultures and bacteroids. J. Gen. Microbiol. 86:39–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Campbell, T. C. 1982. Chlorsulfuron weed control efficiency, soil persistence, and movement. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Idaho. 93 pp.Google Scholar
3. Cardina, J., Hartwig, N. L., and Lukezic, F. L. 1986. Herbicidal effects on Crownwetch Rhizobia and nodule activity. Weed Sci. 34:338–343.Google Scholar
4. De Felipe, M. R., Fernandez-Pascual, M., and Pozuelo, J. M. 1987. Effects of the herbicides Lindex and Simazine or chloroplast and nodule development, nodule activity, and grain yield in Lupinus albus L. Plant Soil 101:99–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Esau, R. and Reesor, R. A. 1982. Effects of DPX 4189 residues on succeeding crops. Expert Comm. Weeds Res. Rep., Western Canada Section Meeting, November 23–25, 1982, Regina, SK. 1:75.Google Scholar
6. Fabra De Peretti, A. I., Mori De Moro, G. B., Ghittoni, N. E., Evangelista De Duffard, A. M., and Duffard, R. O. 1987. Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on Rhizobium sp. in pure culture. Toxicity Assessment: An International Quarterly. Vol. 2:217–228.Google Scholar
7. Fletcher, W. W. 1956. Effect of hormone herbicides on the growth of Rhizobium trifolii . Nature (Lond.) 177:1244.Google Scholar
8. Fredrickson, D. R. and Shea, P. J. 1986. Effect of soil pH on degradation, movement, and plant uptake of chlorsulfuron. Weed Sci. 34:332–381.Google Scholar
9. Fåhraeus, G. 1957. The infection of clover root hairs by nodule bacteria, studied by a simple glass slide technique. J. Gen. Microbiol. 16:374–381.Google Scholar
10. Gibson, A. H. 1963. Physical environment and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. 1. The effect of root temperature on recently nodulated Trifolium subterraneum L. plants. Austr. J. Biol. Sci. 16:28–42.Google Scholar
11. ‘Glean’, Du Pont Technical Bulletin. 1981. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc., Biochem. Dep., Wilmington, DE. 12 pp.Google Scholar
12. Hardy, R.W.F., Holsten, R. D., Jackson, E. K., and Burns, R. C. 1968. The acetylene-ethylene assay for nitrogen fixation: Laboratory and field evaluation. Plant Physiol. 43:1185–1207.Google Scholar
13. Henson, M. A. and Zimdahl, R. L. 1983. Residual effect of chlorsulfuron on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense L. Scop.) and five crops. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr.:87–88.Google Scholar
14. Jensen, H. L. 1942. Nitrogen fixation in leguminous plants. I. General characters of root-nodule bacteria isolated from species of Medicago and Trifolium in Australia. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 66:98–108.Google Scholar
15. Mersie, W. and Foy, C. L. 1985. Phytotoxicity and adsorption of chlorsulfuron as affected by soil properties. Weed Sci. 33:564–568.Google Scholar
16. Moorman, T. B. 1986. Effects of herbicides on the survival of Rhizobium japonicum strains. Weed Sci. 34:628–633.Google Scholar
17. Palm, H. L., Riggleman, J. D., and Allison, D. A. 1980. Worldwide review of the new cereal herbicide — DPX 4189. Proc. Br. Crop Prot. Conf. — Weeds. 1–14.Google Scholar
18. Peterson, M. A. and Arnold, W. E. 1985. Response of rotational crops to soil residues of chlorsulfuron. Weed Sci. 34:131–136.Google Scholar
19. Ray, T. B. 1982. The mode of action of chlorsulfuron: A new herbicide for cereals. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 17:10–17.Google Scholar
20. Ray, T. B. 1984. Site of action of chlorsulfuron: Inhibition of valine and isoleucine biosynthesis in plants. Plant Physiol. 75:827–831.Google Scholar
21. Sweetser, P. B., Schow, G. S., and Hutchinson, J. M. 1982. Metabolism of chlorsulfuron by plants: biological basis for selectivity of a new herbicide for cereals. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 17:18–23.Google Scholar
22. Walker, A. and Brown, P. A. 1983. Measurement and prediction of chlorsulfuron persistence in soil. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30:365–372.Google Scholar