Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-14T01:26:33.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Differential germination response of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus) populations to environmental factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2021

Bhagirath S. Chauhan Open the ORCID record for Bhagirath S. Chauhan [Opens in a new window]
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Professor, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia; Adjunct Professor, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar, Haryana, India
*
Author for correspondence: Bhagirath S. Chauhan, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) and School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia. (Email: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Navua sedge [Cyperus aromaticus (Ridl.) Mattf. & Kuek.], is a hard to control C4 perennial weed species in tropical regions of Australia. Knowledge of its seed biology could help to develop integrated weed management programs for this species. This study was conducted under laboratory and screenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of alternating day/night temperatures, light, pretreatment high temperatures, burial depth, and flooding depth on the germination and emergence of two populations (Ingham and Tablelands) of C. aromaticus. Both populations germinated at temperatures ranging from 20/10 to 35/25 C; however, the Ingham population germination (76%) was greater than the Tablelands population (42%) at the highest temperature regime (35/25 C). None of the populations germinated at 15/5 C. Darkness completely inhibited germination in both populations, suggesting that the seeds are positively photoblastic. Seeds (dry and wet) of both populations germinated after exposure to pretreatment temperatures of up to 100 C for 5 min. After pretreatment at 150 C, only the Ingham population germinated, and germination was greater for dry seeds (62%) than for wet seeds (1%). Neither population germinated after exposure to 200 C. For both populations, maximum germination was observed for seeds at 0 cm; a burial depth of 0.5 cm completely inhibited emergence of the Tablelands population, and a burial depth of 2.0 cm completely inhibited germination of the Ingham population. A flooding depth of 10 cm greatly reduced emergence in both populations compared with 0 cm (62% and 78%) but 12% to 14% of seedlings still emerged, suggesting the need to integrate flooding with other management tools. The results also suggest that the Ingham population may have a greater potential to spread into new areas or become more invasive than the Tablelands population. Knowledge gained from this study can be used to manage C. aromaticus by fire/burning, tillage, and flooding.

Keywords

Alternating temperaturefirefloodinghigh temperaturelightseed burial
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 69 , Issue 6 , November 2021 , pp. 673 - 680
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor: Prashant Jha, Iowa State University

References

Baskin, CC, Baskin, JM (1998) Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. San Diego, CA: Academic. 666 p Google Scholar
Baskin, CC, Milberg, P, Andersson, L, Baskin, JM (2004) Germination ecology of seeds of the annual weeds Capsella bursa-pastoris and Descurainia sophia originating from high northern latitudes. Weed Res 44:60–68 10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00373.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bebawi, FF, Campbell, SD (2002) Impact of early and late dry-season fires on plant mortality and seed banks within riparian and subriparian infestations of rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora). Aust J Exp Agric 42:43–48 10.1071/EA01047CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, A (1992) Navua sedge—potential problem weed for north Queensland. BSES Bulletin 37:14–15 Google Scholar
Black, I (1984) Navua sedge in pastures in Fiji. Aust Weeds 3:16–25 Google Scholar
Bolfrey-Arku, GEK, Onokpise, OU, Carson, AG, Shilling, DG, Coultas, CC (2006) The speargrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) menace in Ghana: incidence, farmer perceptions and control practices in the forest and forest-savanna transition agro-ecological zones of Ghana. West Afr J App Ecol 10:177–188 Google Scholar
Bolfrey-Arku, GE-K, Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2011) Seed germination ecology of itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis). Weed Sci 59:182–187 10.1614/WS-D-10-00095.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chadha, A, Florentine, SK, Dhileepan, K, Dowling, K, Turville, C (2021) Germination biology of three populations of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus). Weed Sci 69:69–81 10.1017/wsc.2020.82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2009a) Ecological studies on Cyperus difformis, C. iria and Fimbristylis miliacea: three troublesome annual sedge weeds of rice. Ann Appl Biol 155:103–112 10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00325.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2009b) Germination ecology of spiny (Amaranthus spinosus) and slender amaranth (A. viridis): troublesome weeds of direct seeded rice. Weed Sci 57:379–385 10.1614/WS-08-179.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, BS, Johnson, DE (2010) The role of seed ecology in improving weed management strategies in the tropics. Adv Agron 105:221–262 10.1016/S0065-2113(10)05006-6CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Civico, RSA, Moody, K (1979) The effect of the time and depth of submergence on growth and development of some weed species. Philipp J Weed Sci 6:41–49 Google Scholar
Genstat (2019) Genstat for Windows. 20th ed. VSN International: Hemel Hempstead, UK Google Scholar
Jeffery, DJ, Holmes, PM, Rebelo, AG (1988) Effects of dry heat on seed germination in selected indigenous and alien legume species in South Africa. South Afr J Bot 54:28–34 10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31358-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karan, B (1975) Studies of Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus). 1. Review of the problem and study of morphology, seed output and germination. Fiji Agric J 37:59–67 Google Scholar
Kent, RJ, Johnson, DE (2001) Influence of flood depth and duration on growth of lowland rice weeds, Cote d’Ivoire. Crop Prot 20:691–694 10.1016/S0261-2194(01)00034-5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, RE, Miller, RL, Cushwa, CT (1975) Germination response of legume seeds subjected to moist and dry heat. Ecology 56:1441–1445 10.2307/1934712CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasr, HM, Selles, F (1995) Seedling emergence as influenced by aggregate size, bulk density, and penetration resistance of the seedbed. Soil Till Res 34:61–76 10.1016/0167-1987(94)00451-JCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roder, W, Phengchanh, S, Keoboulapha, B (1997) Weeds in slash-and-burn rice fields in northern Laos. Weed Res 37:111–119 10.1046/j.1365-3180.1996.d01-6.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rollin, P (1972) Phytochrome control of seed germination. Pages 229–257 in Mitrakos K, Shropshire W Jr, eds. Phytochrome. Academic Press, New YorkGoogle Scholar
Smith, RJJ, Fox, WT (1973) Soil water and growth of rice and weeds. Weed Sci 21:61–63 10.1017/S0043174500031702CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuong, TP, Bouman, BAM, Mortimer, M (2005) More rice, less water: integrated approaches for increasing water productivity in irrigated rice-based systems in Asia. Plant Prod Sci 8:231–241 10.1626/pps.8.231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vitelli, JS, Madigan, BA, Van Haaren, PE (2010) Control techniques and management strategies for the problematic Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus). Invasive Plant Sci Manag 3:315–326 10.1614/IPSM-D-09-00036.1CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogler, WD, Carlos, EH, Setter, SD, Roden, L, Setter, MJ (2015) Halosulfuron-methyl: a selective herbicide option for the control of the invasive Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. and Kukenth (Navua sedge). Plant Prot Q 30:61–66 Google Scholar
Willis, AJ, Mckay, R, Vranjic, JA, Kilby, MJ, Groves, RH (2003) Comparative seed ecology of the endangered shrub, Pimelea spicata and a threatening weed, bridal creeper: smoke, heat and other fire-related germination cues. Ecol Manag Restor 4:55–65 10.1046/j.1442-8903.2003.00131.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolley, JT, Stoller, E (1978) Light penetration and light-induced seed germination in soil. Plant Physiol 61:597–600 10.1104/pp.61.4.597CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zuo, Q, Kuai, J, Zhao, L, Hu, Z, Wu, J, Zhou, G (2017) The effect of sowing depth and soil compaction on the growth and yield of rapeseed in rice straw returning field. Field Crops Res 203:47–54 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.12.016CrossRefGoogle Scholar