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Development of a temperature-based seed germination model for silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2022

Omer Kapiluto Open the ORCID record for Omer Kapiluto [Opens in a new window] ,
Hanan Eizenberg  and
Ran Nisim Lati
Omer Kapiluto*
Affiliation:
Doctoral Student, Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel, and Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
Hanan Eizenberg
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
Ran Nisim Lati
Affiliation:
Researcher, Department of Phytopathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
*
Author for correspondence: Omer Kapiluto, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay3009503, Israel. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) has become a highly troublesome weed in irrigated summer crops in Israel. Because herbicide-based options to control this weed are limited, the best way to improve weed control is through a study of its biology, particularly its germination dynamics. The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of temperature on the seed germination dynamics of S. elaeagnifolium and to develop a temperature-based (thermal) prediction model for three S. elaeagnifolium populations growing in different ecosystems in Israel. To this end, a laboratory study was undertaken in which the germination proportion of S. elaeagnifolium seeds was monitored under seven temperature regimes: 2/8, 7/13, 12/18, 17/23, 22/28, 27/33, and 32/38 C (night/day). In addition, the impact of alternating temperature regimes between night and day temperatures (of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 C), averaged over 20 and 25 C, was determined. It was found that the three populations shared similar germination characteristics and dynamics. An alternation of ≥6 C between night and day temperatures was needed for optimal germination, with no germination taking place under constant temperatures. In all three populations, the minimal requirement for germination was a 12/18 C (night/day) regime, with the final germination proportion lying between 0.25 and 0.36. The highest final germination proportion of ≥0.8 was observed for the 17/23 C regime in all three populations. Modeling the germination rate as a function of temperature allowed us to determine cardinal temperatures for all three populations taken together, with the values being Tb = 10.8 C (base temperature), To = 23.8 C (optimal temperature), and Tc = 35.9 C (ceiling temperature). These biological parameters allowed accurate (root mean-square error < 0.06%) prediction of S. elaeagnifolium seed germination over the entire temperature range.

Keywords

Cardinal temperaturesgermination modelinginvasive speciespredictionthermal time
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 70 , Issue 4 , July 2022 , pp. 463 - 472
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Nathan S. Boyd, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center

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