Hostname: page-component-669899f699-cf6xr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-25T00:35:12.564Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characterization of SAN 9789-Stimulated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Seed Germination

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Karl-Olof Widell ,
Christer Sundqvist  and
Hemming I. Virgin
Karl-Olof Widell
Affiliation:
Dep. of Plant Physiol., Bot. Inst., Univ. of Göteborg, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22, S-413 19 Göteborg, Sweden
Christer Sundqvist
Affiliation:
Dep. of Plant Physiol., Bot. Inst., Univ. of Göteborg, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22, S-413 19 Göteborg, Sweden
Hemming I. Virgin
Affiliation:
Dep. of Plant Physiol., Bot. Inst., Univ. of Göteborg, Carl Skottsbergs Gata 22, S-413 19 Göteborg, Sweden
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Dark germination of light-requiring lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L. ‘Grand Rapids’) was stimulated by SAN 9789 [4-chloro-5-(methylamino-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone] and to a minor degree by BASF 13761 [4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone] and BASF 44521 [4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], but not by’ pyrazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone], SAN 9785 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone], SAN 9774 [5-amino-4-chloro-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], or SAN 6706 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone]. SAN 9789 stimulation was inhibited by cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (CHDC), and abscisic acid (ABA) at 1 × 10-4 M. Red light nullified the inhibitory effect of CHDC (1 × 10-4 M) but not the inhibitory effect of ABA (1 × 10-4 M) on SAN 9789 stimulated germination. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) increased the germination stimulatory effect of SAN 9789 in darkness. Temperatures above 25 C decreased the effect of SAN 9789, with a temperature of 35 C completely inhibiting germination. The inhibitory effect of CHDC was strongly decreased at temperatures below 20 C. SAN 9789-induced germination in darkness was always the same (25 to 26% units increase in germination) even though the red light-stimulated germination differed with the seed batch.

Keywords

Lactuca sativaabscisic acidgibberellic acidkinetingrowth hormonespyridazinone herbicidesCHDC
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , March 1985 , pp. 160 - 164
Copyright
Copyright © 1985 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Literature Cited

1. Bewley, J. D. and Oaks, A. 1980. cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide: Inhibitor of phytochrome-promoted seed germination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:3408–3411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Black, M. and Richardson, M. 1965. Promotion of germination in light-requiring seed by chloramphenicol. Nature (London) 208:1114–1115.Google Scholar
3. Carpita, N. C. and Nabors, M. W. 1976. Effects of 35 C heat treatments on photosensitive Grand Rapids lettuce seed germination. Plant Physiol. 57:612–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. DeGreef, J. and De Proft, M. 1980. Light effects in norflurazon treated bean plants. Pages 285–290 in Photoreceptors and Plant Development. De Greef, J., ed. Antwerpen Univ. Press, Netherlands.Google Scholar
5. Eder, F. A. 1979. Pyridazinones, their influence on the biosynthesis of carotenoids and the metabolism of lipids in plants (Survey of literature). Z. Naturforsch. 34c:1052–1054.Google Scholar
6. Evenari, M. and Neuman, G. 1953. The germination of lettuce seeds. III. The effect of light on germination. Bull. Res. Counc. Isr. 3:136–144.Google Scholar
7. Gorton, H. L. and Briggs, W. R. 1980. Phytochrome responses to end-of-day irradiations in light-grown corn grown in the presence and absence of Sandoz 9789. Plant Physiol. 66:1024–1026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Hilton, J. L., Scharen, A. L., St. John, J. B., Moreland, D. E., and Norris, K. H. 1969. Modes of action of pyridazinone herbicides. Weed Sci. 17:541–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Jabben, M. and Deitzer, G. F. 1979. Effects of the herbicide SAN 9789 on photomorphogenic responses. Plant Physiol. 63: 481–485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10. Mitchell, E. D. and Tolbert, N. E. 1968. Isolation from sugar beet fruit and characterization of cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide as a germination inhibitor. Biochemistry 7:1019–1025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Pardo, A. D. and Schiff, J. A. 1980. Plastid and seedling development in SAN-9789 [4-chloro-5-(methylamine)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3-(2H)-pyridazinone]-treated etiolated bean seedlings. Can. J. Bot. 58:25–35.Google Scholar
12. Poggi-Pellegrin, M.-C. and Bulard, C. 1976. Interactions between abscisic acid, gibberellins and cytokinins in Grand Rapids lettuce seeds germination. Physiol. Plant. 36:40–46.Google Scholar
13. Sandelius, A. S., Axelsson, L., Klockare, B., Ryberg, H., and Widell, K.-O. 1981. The function of carotenoids during chloroplast development. IV. Protection of galactolipids from photodecomposition sensitized by early forms of chlorophyll. Pages 305–309 in Photosynthesis. V. Chloroplast Development, Akoyunoglou, G., ed. Balaban Intern. Sci. Serv., Philadelphia.Google Scholar
14. Smith, H. 1975. Phytochrome and Photomorphogenesis. McGraw-Hill, London.Google Scholar
15. St. John, J. B. and Hilton, J. L. 1976. Structure versus activity of substituted pyridazinones as related to mechanism of action. Weed Sci. 24:579–582.Google Scholar
16. Thompson, R. C. and Kosar, W. F. 1939. Stimulation of germination of dormant lettuce seeds by sulphur compounds. Plant Physiol. 14:567–573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Urbach, D., Suchanka, M., and Urbach, W. 1976. Effect of substituted pyridazinone herbicides and of difunone (EMD-IT 5914) on carotenoid biosynthesis in green algae. Z. Naturforsch. 31c: 652–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Widell, K.-O, Sundqvist, C., and Virgin, H. I. 1981. The effects of SAN 9789 and light on phytochrome and the germination of lettuce seeds. Physiol. Plant. 52:325–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar