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Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Response to Simulated Insect Defoliation and Plant Competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Ban N. Ang ,
Loke T. Kok ,
Golde I. Holtzman  and
Dale D. Wolf
Ban N. Ang
Affiliation:
Dep. Entomol., Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
Loke T. Kok
Affiliation:
Dep. Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
Golde I. Holtzman
Affiliation:
Dep. Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
Dale D. Wolf
Affiliation:
Dep. Crop Sci. and Environ. Sci., Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
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Abstract

The combined influence of plant competition and defoliation on development of Canada thistle was investigated in a 2-yr field study. Plant competition was induced by seeding tall fescue and crown vetch. Artificial defoliation was used to simulate various levels of leaf removal by insects. Both defoliation and induced competition reduced biomass of Canada thistle but their impact varied with environmental conditions. Defoliation had a greater detrimental influence than induced competition on thistle biomass in a dry year when growth of the plant competitors was suppressed. In a wet year, induced competition was more important in suppressing Canada thistle than defoliation, and moderate levels of defoliation (25%), applied once when the thistles were 12 to 15 cm in diam, stimulated root weight within the top 20 cm of soil. Reduction in thistle biomass increased with level of defoliation and was greatest when defoliation was applied repeatedly at 14-d intervals in the presence of induced competition. Crown vetch showed very little growth in one season and tall fescue was the primary source of competition for the thistles. The results confirm the hypothesis that combined stresses can substantially reduce biomass development of Canada thistle plants.

Keywords

Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop # CIRARcrown vetch, Coronilla varia L. # CZRVAtall fescue, Festuca arundinaceae Schreb. # FESARBiological weed controldefoliationplant competitionCZRVAFESAR
Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , September 1994 , pp. 403 - 410
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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