Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-04T09:11:58.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Control in Timothy (Phleum pratense) and Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Sward

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

S. C. Peterson  and
J. V. Parochetti
S. C. Peterson
Affiliation:
U. S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Stab. Cons. Serv.
J. V. Parochetti
Affiliation:
College Park, Dep. of Agron., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Two of three herbicides were applied repetitively in each of the years to a dense infestation of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) sward in Carroll County, Maryland during the period 1969 to 1971. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid), eliminated red clover from the sward after the first year, and controlled 95 to 100% of the Canada thistle in the third year of treatment. The addition of a non-phytotoxic oil to picloram did not improve its efficiency. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) reduced 57 to 87% of the red clover and 72% of the Canada thistle in the first year at a dosage of 1.12 kg/ha, but effected only 42% control in the third year of treatment. Both an amine and ester formulations of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] effected variable Canada thistle control and reduced the red clover stand 10 to 15% following the first application. The timothy yield was not significantly reduced during the 3 years of repeated application of all herbicides, but some necrosis of leaves was noted with dicamba and the high rate of 2,4-D. Soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Delmar’] planted 1 yr following the last picloram application had curled leaves initially, but outgrew the injury. Soybeans planted 2 yr following the last application of the herbicides showed no significant reduction in yield indicating herbicide residues had been reduced to tolerable levels.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , May 1978 , pp. 215 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © 1978 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Alley, H. P. and Kreps, L. B. 1967. Histological abnormalities induced by picloram on Canada thistle roots. Weeds 15:56–59.Google Scholar
2. Bakker, D. 1959. A comparative life history study of Cirsium arvense . Pages 205–222 in Thomas, C. C., ed. Biology of Weeds, Blackwell Sci. Publ., Oxford, England.Google Scholar
3. Bayer, D. E. 1966. Perennial herbaceous weeds. Prog. Rep. Abstr. West. Weed Control Conf. pp. 1–10.Google Scholar
4. Chang, F. Y. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1968. Translocation of dicamba in Canada thistle. Weed Sci. 16:176–181.Google Scholar
5. Chang, F. Y. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1971. Dicamba uptake, translocation, metabolism and selectivity. Weed Sci. 19:113–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Detmers, F. 1972. Canada thistle. Ohio Exp. Stn. Bull. 414:44–45.Google Scholar
7. Foote, L. E., Kill, D. L., and Williams, C. S. 1970. Canada thistle control on roadsides. Weed Sci. 18:307–310.Google Scholar
8. Friesen, H. A. 1967. Persistence of picloram, dicamba and 2,4-D for the control of Cirsium arvense . Res. Rep. Nat. Weed Comm. West. Canada. 14:234–235.Google Scholar
9. Friesen, H. A. 1968. Trends in Canadian research to control Canada thistle. Proc. Northeast. Weed Control Conf. 22:27–36.Google Scholar
10. Gupta, R. K. and Corns, W. G. 1967. Minimal dosages of 2,4-D and picloram for prevention of flowering of Canada thistle. Res. Rep. Nat. Weed Comm. West. Canada. 14:238–239.Google Scholar
11. Gupta, R. K. and Corns, W. G. 1968. Differences in effects of small dosages of picloram on flowering of Canada thistle and perennial sow thistle. Res. Rep. Nat. Weed Comm. West. Canada. 15:234.Google Scholar
12. Hamdown, A. M. 1970. The anatomy of subterranean structure of Cirsium arvense (L.). Scop. Weed Res. 10:284–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Herr, D. E., Stroube, E. W., and Ray, D. A. 1966. The movement and persistence of picloram in the soil. Weeds 14:248–250.Google Scholar
14. Hodgson, J. M. 1958. Canada thistle control with cultural cropping and chemical sprays. Weeds 6:1–10.Google Scholar
15. Hodgson, J. M. 1965. Control of Canada thistle with picloram and certain other chemicals. Res. Prog. Rep. West. Weed Control Conf. pp. 4–6.Google Scholar
16. Hodgson, J. M. 1968. Canada thistle and its control. U. S. Dep. Agric. Leaflet No. 523.Google Scholar
17. Hodgson, J. M. 1970. The response of Canada thistle ecotypes to 2,4-D and intensive cultivation. Weed Sci. 18:253–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Hughes, E. C. and Strong, M. 1968. Residual effects of herbicide trials on Canada thistle in pastures. Res. Rep. Nat. Weed Comm. West. Canada 15:235.Google Scholar
19. Hunter, J. H. and Smith, L. W. 1972. Environment and herbicide effect on Canada thistle ecotypes. Weed Sci. 20:163–167.Google Scholar
20. Laning, E. R. Jr. 1963. Tordon for the control of deep rooted perennial herbaceous weeds in the western United States. Down to Earth 19(1):3–5.Google Scholar
21. Lee, G. A., Dobrenz, A. K., and Alley, H. F. 1967. Preliminary investigations of the effect of Tordon and 2,4-D on leaf and root tissue of Canada thistle. Down to Earth 23(2):21–23.Google Scholar
22. McCurdy, E. V. 1968. Control of perennial weeds. Res. Rep. Nat. Weed Comm. West. Canada 15:231.Google Scholar
23. McCurdy, E. V. 1966. Perennial broadleaf weeds – Canada thistle and sow thistle. Res. Rep. Nat. Weed Comm. West. Canada 13:277.Google Scholar
24. Phillips, W. M. and Feltner, K. C. 1972. Persistence and movement of picloram in 2 Kansas soils. Weed Sci. 20:110–116.Google Scholar
25. Sharma, M. P., Chang, F. Y., and Vanden Born, W. H. 1971. Penetration and translocation of picloram in Canada thistle. Weed Sci. 19:349–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Vanden Born, W. H. and Chang, F. Y. 1967. Translocation and persistence of dicamba and picloram in Canada thistle. Abstr. Meeting Weed Soc. Am. pp. 40–41.Google Scholar
27. Wicks, G. A. 1964. Control of perennial broadleaved weeds. Res. Rep. North Cent. Weed Control Conf. 21:9–13.Google Scholar