Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:35:23.326Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interactions between rod and L-cone signals in deuteranopes: Gains and phases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2006

BJØRG ELISABETH KILAVIK  and
JAN KREMERS
BJØRG ELISABETH KILAVIK
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany Current address: Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives de la Méditerranée (INCM-CNRS), 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier, 13402 Marseille Cedex 20, France
JAN KREMERS
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen Eye Hospital, Tübingen, Germany Current address: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The dynamics of interactions between rod and L-cone driven signals were studied psychophysically in two deuteranopic observers. Flicker detection thresholds for different ratios of rod to L-cone modulation were measured at temporal frequencies between 1 and 15 Hz. A model, which assumes that rod and L-cone driven signals are vector added, can describe the threshold data adequately. We found that up to about 8–10 Hz temporal frequency, rod and L-cone signals interact additively, whereas at higher frequencies the interaction is subtractive. Rod and L-cone signal strengths depend similarly on temporal frequency and are maximal between 3 and 5 Hz. The phase difference between rod and L-cone signals increases linearly with temporal frequency, indicating that their responses have a delay difference of about 20 to 30 ms, consistent with involvement of the faster rod pathway. The data would suggest a nearly complete additivity of the rod and cone driven signals when using flashed stimuli. But, literature data showed only partial additivity of the two, suggesting that different postreceptoral mechanisms are involved in the two tasks.

Keywords

RodL-coneTemporal frequencyGainLatency difference
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , March 2006 , pp. 201 - 207
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Benimoff, N.I., Schneider, S., & Hood, D.C. (1982). Interactions between rod and cone channels above threshold: A test of various models. Vision Research 22, 1133–1140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buck, S.L. & Knight, R. (1994). Partial additivity of rod signals with M- and L-cone signals in increment detection. Vision Research 34, 2537–2545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conner, J.D. (1982). The temporal properties of rod vision. Journal of Physiology 332, 139155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drum, B. (1982). Summation of rod and cone responses at absolute threshold. Vision Research 22, 823–826.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enroth-Cugell, C., Hertz, B.G., & Lennie, P. (1977). Convergence of rod and cone signals in the cat's retina. Journal of Physiology (London) 269, 299–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frumkes, T.E., Lange, G., Denny, N., & Beczkowska, I. (1992). Influence of rod adaptation upon cone responses to light offset in humans: I. Results in normal observers. Visual Neuroscience 8, 83–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gouras, P. & Link, K. (1966). Rod and cone interaction in dark-adapted monkey ganglion cells. Journal of Physiology 184, 499–510.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ikeda, M. & Urakubo, M. (1969). Rod-cone interrelation. Journal of the Optical Society of America 59, 217–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kilavik, B.E. & Kremers, J. (2001). Rod and L-cone interactions in a deuteranope at different temporal frequencies. Color Research and Application 26, S76–S78.3.0.CO;2-7>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremers, J. & Meierkord, S. (1999). Rod-cone-interactions in deuteranopic observers: Models and dynamics. Vision Research 39, 3372–3385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kremers, J. & Scholl, H.P.N. (2001). Rod-/L-cone and rod-/M-cone interactions in electroretinograms at different temporal frequencies. Visual Neuroscience 18, 339–351.Google Scholar
Kremers, J., Usui, T., Scholl, H.P.N., & Sharpe, L.T. (1999). Cone signal contributions to electroretinograms in dichromats and trichromats. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 40, 920–930.Google Scholar
Kremers, J., Weiss, S., & Zrenner, E. (1997b). Temporal properties of marmoset lateral geniculate cells. Vision Research 37, 2649–2660.Google Scholar
Kremers, J., Weiss, S., Zrenner, E., & Maurer, J. (1997a). Rod and cone inputs to parvo-and magnocellular cells in the dichromatic common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). In Colour Vision Deficiencies XIII, ed. Drum, B., pp. 87–97. Dordrecht, Boston, London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Lange, G. & Frumkes, T.E. (1992). Influence of rod adaptation upon cone responses to light offset in humans: II. Results in an observer with exaggerated suppressive rod-cone interaction. Visual Neuroscience 8, 91–95.Google Scholar
Lee, B.B., Pokorny, J., Smith, V.C., & Kremers, J. (1994). Responses to pulses and sinusoids in macaque ganglion cells. Vision Research 34, 3081–3095.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, B.B., Pokorny, J., Smith, V.C., Martin, P.R., & Valberg, A. (1990). Luminance and chromatic modulation sensitivity of macaque ganglion cells and human observers. Journal of the Optical Society of America A 7, 2223–2236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, B.B., Smith, V.C., Pokorny, J., & Kremers, J. (1997). Rod inputs to macaque ganglion cells. Vision Research 37, 2813–2828.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacLeod, D.I.A. (1972). Rods cancel cones in flicker. Nature 235, 173–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Purpura, K., Kaplan, E., & Shapley, R.M. (1988). Background light and the contrast gain of primate P and M retinal ganglion cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 85, 4534–4537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rudvin, I. & Valberg, A. (2006). Flicker VEPs reflecting multiple rod and cone pathways. Vision Research 46, 699–717.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharpe, L.T., Stockman, A., & MacLeod, D.I. (1989). Rod flicker perception: Scotopic duality, phase lags and destructive interference. Vision Research 29, 1539–1559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, V.C., Lee, B.B., Pokorny, J., Martin, P.R., & Valberg, A. (1992). Responses of macaque ganglion cells to the relative phase of heterochromatically modulated lights. Journal of Physiology 458, 191–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, S.G., White, A.J.R., & Martin, P.R. (1999). Temporal contrast sensitivity in the lateral geniculate nucleus of a New World monkey, the marmoset Callithrix jacchus. Journal of Physiology 517, 907–917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, H., Pokorny, J., & Smith, V.C. (2001). Rod-cone interactions assessed in inferred magnocellular and parvocellular postreceptoral pathways. Journal of Vision 1, 42–54.Google Scholar
Taylor, M.M. & Creelman, C.D. (1967). PEST: Efficient estimates on probability functions. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 41, 782–787.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Berg, T.J.T.P. & Spekreijse, H. (1977). Interaction between rod and cone signals studied with temporal sine wave stimulation. Journal of the Optical Society of America 67, 1210–1217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, S., Kremers, J., & Maurer, J. (1998). Interaction between rod and cone signals in responses of lateral geniculate neurons in dichromatic marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Visual Neuroscience 15, 931–943.Google Scholar
Yeh, T., Lee, B.B., Kremers, J., Cowing, J.A., Hunt, D.M., Martin, P.R., & Troy, J.B. (1995). Visual responses in the lateral geniculate nucleus of dichromatic and trichromatic marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Journal of Neuroscience 15, 7892–7904.Google Scholar