Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:08:08.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Activation of protein kinase C reduces GLAST in the plasma membrane of rat Müller cells in primary culture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 March 2004

ZHIQING WANG
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston
WEI LI
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston
CHERYL K. MITCHELL
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston
LOUVENIA CARTER-DAWSON
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston

Abstract

In this study, a Müller cell culture preparation from young rats was used to investigate the regulation of GLAST transport activity in native cells. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed GLAST to be the predominant glutamate transporter expressed by the cells through five passages. [3H]-glutamate uptake assays showed the typical Na+-dependent glutamate transport which was blocked by L-(-)-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate (L-THA), a competitive inhibitor. Glutamate transport was decreased significantly in Müller cells exposed to phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator. A similar effect on [3H]-D-aspartate (nonmetabolizable glutamate analog) uptake ruled out the possibility that the decrease was a consequence of altered metabolism. However, PMA did not affect Na+-dependent [3H]-glycine transport, indicating the absence of a nonspecific change in the electrochemical gradients. The PMA effect on glutamate uptake was evidenced by partial blocking with a specific PKC inhibitor, bisindolymaleimide II (Bis II). Activation of PKC did not change the Km, but the Vmax was significantly reduced. Image analysis of Müller cells with biotinylated cell membranes immunolabeled with GLAST shows a reduction of GLAST in the plasma membrane. In conclusion, these data show that rat Müller cells in primary cultures express GLAST and that PKC activation affects GLAST transport activity by decreasing cell surface expression.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© 2003 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Arriza, J.L., Eliasof, S., Kavanaugh, M.P., & Amara, S.G. (1997). Excitatory amino acid transporter 5, a retinal glutamate transporter coupled to a chloride conductance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 94, 41554160.Google Scholar
Bull, N.D. & Barnett, N.L. (2002). Antagonists of protein kinase C inhibit rat retinal glutamate transport activity in situ. Journal of Neurochemistry 81, 472480.Google Scholar
Choi, D.W. (1987). Dextrorphan and dextromethorphan attenuate glutamate neurotoxicity. Brain Research 403, 333336.Google Scholar
Choi, D.W., Maulucci-Gedde, M., & Kriegstein, A.R. (1987). Glutamate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture. Journal of Neuroscience 7, 357368.Google Scholar
Conradt, M. & Stoffel, W. (1997). Inhibition of the high-affinity brain glutamate transporter GLAST-1 via direct phosphorylation. Journal of Neurochemistry 68, 12441251.Google Scholar
Curtis, D.R. & Johnston, G.A. (1974). Amino acid transmitters in the mammalian central nervous system. Ergebnisse der Physiologie, biologischen Chemie und experimentellen Pharmakologie 69, 97188.Google Scholar
Davis, K.E., Straff, D.J., Weinstein, E.A., Bannerman, P.G., Correale, D.M., Rothstein, J.D., & Robinson, M.B. (1998). Multiple signaling pathways regulate cell surface expression and activity of the excitatory amino acid carrier 1 subtype of Glu transporter in C6 glioma. Journal of Neuroscience 18, 24752485.Google Scholar
Duan, S., Anderson, C.M., Stein, B.A., & Swanson, R.A. (1999). Glutamate induces rapid upregulation of astrocyte glutamate transport and cell-surface expression of GLAST. Journal of Neuroscience 19, 1019310200.Google Scholar
Eliasof, S., Arriza, J.L., Leighton, B.H., Amara, S.G., & Kavanaugh, M.P. (1998a). Localization and function of five glutamate transporters cloned from the salamander retina. Vision Research 38, 14431454.Google Scholar
Eliasof, S., Arriza, J.L., Leighton, B.H., Kavanaugh, M.P., & Amara, S.G. (1998b). Excitatory amino acid transporters of the salamander retina: Identification, localization, and function. Journal of Neuroscience 18, 698712.Google Scholar
Fairman, W.A., Vandenberg, R.J., Arriza, J.L., Kavanaugh, M.P., & Amara, S.G. (1995). An excitatory amino-acid transporter with properties of a ligand-gated chloride channel. Nature 375, 599603.Google Scholar
Fonnum, F. (1984). Glutamate: A neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. Journal of Neurochemistry 42, 111.Google Scholar
Frandsen, A. & Schousboe, A. (1993). Excitatory amino acid-mediated cytotoxicity and calcium homeostasis in cultured neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry 60, 12021211.Google Scholar
González, M.I. & Ortega, A. (1997). Regulation of the Na+-dependent high affinity glutamate/aspartate transporter in cultured Bergmann glia by phorbol esters. Journal of Neuroscience Research 50, 585590.Google Scholar
González, M.I., Lopez-Colome, A.M., & Ortega, A. (1999). Sodium-dependent glutamate transport in Muller glial cells: Regulation by phorbol esters. Brain Research 831, 140145.Google Scholar
Heidinger, V., Hicks, D., Sahel, J., & Dreyfus, H. (1997). Peptide growth factors but not ganglioside protect against excitotoxicity in rat retinal neurons in vitro. Brain Research 767, 279288.Google Scholar
Hicks, D. & Courtois, Y. (1990). The growth and behaviour of rat retinal Müller cells in vitro. 1. An improved method for isolation and culture. Experimental Eye Research 51, 119129.Google Scholar
Jackson, M., Song, W., Liu, M.Y., Jin, L., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Lin, C.I., Bowers, W.J., Federoff, H.J., Sternweis, P.C., & Rothstein, J.D. (2001). Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAT4 by two interacting proteins. Nature 410, 8993.Google Scholar
Kanai, Y. & Hediger, M.A. (1992). Primary structure and functional characterization of a high-affinity glutamate transporter. Nature 360, 467471.Google Scholar
Lehre, K.P., Davanger, S., & Danbolt, N.C. (1997). Localization of the glutamate transporter protein GLAST in rat retina. Brain Research 744, 129137.Google Scholar
Lin, C.I., Orlov, I., Ruggiero, A.M., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Lee, A., Jackson, M., & Rothstein, J.D. (2001). Modulation of the neuronal glutamate transporter EAAC1 by the interacting protein GTRAP3-18. Nature 410, 8488.Google Scholar
Lu, Z., Liu, D., Hornia, A., Devonish, W., Pagano, M., & Foster, D.A. (1998). Activation of protein kinase C triggers its ubiquitination and degradation. Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, 839845.Google Scholar
Lucas, D.R. & Newhouse, J.P. (1957). The toxic effect of sodium L-glutamate on the inner layers of the retina. Archives of Ophthalmolology 58, 193201.Google Scholar
McLennan, H. (1976). The autoradiographic localization of L-[3H] glutamate in rat brain tissue. Brain Research 115, 13944.Google Scholar
Munir, M., Correale, D.M., & Robinson, M.B. (2000). Substrate-induced up-regulation of Na(+)-dependent glutamate transport activity. Neurochemistry International 37, 147162.Google Scholar
Nixon, J.S., Bishop, J., Bradshaw, D., Davis, P.D., Hill, C.H., Elliot, L.H., Kumar, H., Lawton, G., Lewis, E.J., & Mulqueen, M. (1992). The design and biological properties of potent and selective inhibitors of protein kinase C. Biochemical Society Transaction 20, 419425.Google Scholar
Pines, G., Danbolt, N.C., Bjørås, M., Zhang, Y., Bendahan, A., Eide, L., Koepsell, H., Storm-Mathisen, J., Seeberg, E., & Kanner, B.I. (1992). Cloning and expression of a rat brain L-glutamate transporter. Nature 360, 464467.Google Scholar
Pow, D.V. & Barnett, N.L. (1999). Changing patterns of spatial buffering of glutamate in developing rat retinae are mediated by the Müller cell glutamate transporter GLAST. Cell and Tissue Research 297, 5766.Google Scholar
Pow, D.V. & Barnett, N.L. (2000). Developmental expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 5: A photoreceptor and bipolar cell glutamate transporter in rat retina. Neuroscience Letters 280, 2124.Google Scholar
Qian, Y., Galli, A., Ramamoorthy, S., Risso, S., DeFelice, L.J., & Blakely, R.D. (1997). Protein kinase C activation regulates human serotonin transporters in HEK-293 cells via altered cell surface expression. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 4557.Google Scholar
Rauen, T., Rothstein, J.D., & Wässle, H. (1996). Differential expression of three glutamate transporter subtypes in the rat retina. Cell and Tissue Research 286, 325336.Google Scholar
Rauen, T., Taylor, W.R., Kuhlbrodt, K., & Wiessner, M. (1998). High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: A major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance. Cell and Tissue Research 291, 1931.Google Scholar
Rothman, S.M. & Olney, J.W. (1986). Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic–ischemic brain damage. Annals of Neurology 19, 105111.Google Scholar
Rothstein, J.D., Dykes-Hoberg, M., Pardo, C.A., Bristol, L.A., Jin, L., Kuncl, R.W., Kanai, Y., Hediger, M.A., Wang, Y., Schielke, J.F., & Welty, D.F. (1996). Knockout of glutamate transporters reveals a major role for astroglial transport in excitotoxicity and clearance of glutamate. Neuron 16, 675686.Google Scholar
Sargiacomo, M., Lisanti, M., Graeve, L., Le Bivic, A., & Rodriguez-Boulan, E. (1989). Integral and peripheral protein composition of the apical and basolateral membrane domains in MDCK cells. Journal of Membrane Biology 107, 277286.Google Scholar
Srivastava, J., Procyk, J., Iturrioz, X., & Parker, P.J. (2002). Phosphorylation is required for PMA-and cell-cycle-induced degradation of protein kinase Cδ. Biochemical Journal 368, 349355.Google Scholar
Storck, T., Schulte, S., Hofmann, K., & Stoffel, W. (1992). Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 89, 1095510999.Google Scholar
Susarla, B.T.S. & Robinson, M.B. (2003). Rottlerin, and inhibitor of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), inhibits astrocytes glutamate transport activity and reduces GLAST immunoreactivity by a mechanism that appears to be PKCδ-independent. Journal of Neurochemistry 86, 635645.Google Scholar
Xu, K-P., Dartt, D.A., & Yu, F.-S. (2002). EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation independent of PKC isozymes in human corneal epithelial cells. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 43, 36733679.Google Scholar