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Mechanism underlying rebound excitation in retinal ganglion cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2007

PRATIP MITRA  and
ROBERT F. MILLER
PRATIP MITRA
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
ROBERT F. MILLER
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Abstract

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) display the phenomenon of rebound excitation, which is observed as rebound sodium action potential firing initiated at the termination of a sustained hyperpolarization below the resting membrane potential (RMP). Rebound impulse firing, in contrast to corresponding firing elicited from rest, displayed a lower net voltage threshold, shorter latency and was invariably observed as a phasic burst-like doublet of spikes. The preceding hyperpolarization leads to the recruitment of a Tetrodotoxin-insensitive depolarizing voltage overshoot, termed as the net depolarizing overshoot (NDO). Based on pharmacological sensitivities, we provide evidence that the NDO is composed of two independent but interacting components, including (1) a regenerative low threshold calcium spike (LTCS) and (2) a non-regenerative overshoot (NRO). Using voltage and current clamp recordings, we demonstrate that amphibian RGCs possess the hyperpolarization activated mixed cation channels/current, Ih, and low voltage activated (LVA) calcium channels, which underlie the generation of the NRO and LTCS respectively. At the RMP, the Ih channels are closed and the LVA calcium channels are inactivated. A hyperpolarization of sufficient magnitude and duration activates Ih and removes the inactivation of the LVA calcium channels. On termination of the hyperpolarizing influence, Ih adds an immediate depolarizing influence that boosts the generation of the LTCS. The concerted action of both conductances results in a larger amplitude and shorter latency NDO than either mechanism could achieve on its own. The NDO boosts the generation of conventional sodium spikes which are triggered on its upstroke and crest, thus eliciting rebound excitation.

Keywords

Retinalow voltage activated calcium channelsT-type calcium channelsIhaction potentials
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , September 2007 , pp. 709 - 731
Copyright
© 2007 Cambridge University Press

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