Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:41:50.566Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A GAP-43-like protein in cat visual cortex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2009

Helen McIntosh ,
David Parkinson ,
Karina Meiri ,
Nigel Daw  and
Mark Willard
Helen McIntosh
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
David Parkinson
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
Karina Meiri
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine
Nigel Daw
Affiliation:
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine
Mark Willard
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We have purified a protein that changes in relative concentration during the development of the kitten visual cortex. It resembles GAP-43 (a neuronal protein that is expressed at elevated levels during periods of development and regenerative axon growth) in the following respects: (1) it is an acidic protein (pI=4.7) whose electrophoretic mobility on SDS-PAGE is similar to, but lower than rat GAP-43, suggesting that the cat protein is larger; (2) its electrophoretic mobility varies with the acrylamide concentration in a manner that is characteristic of GAP-43; (3) its concentration in kitten forebrain is elevated during early postnatal development; (4) the sequence of ten consecutive amino acids from a chemically generated fragment matches the expected sequence from GAP-43; and (5) its amino-acid content also matches GAP-43. We conclude that our purified protein is cat GAP-43. Immunoblots with an antibody prepared against rat GAP-43 suggested that the concentration of GAP-43 in the visual cortex declines with age.

Keywords

GAP-43Visual cortexDevelopmentCritical periodCat
Type
Research Article
Information
Visual Neuroscience , Volume 2 , Issue 6 , June 1989 , pp. 583 - 591
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akers, R.F. & Routtenberg, A. (1985). Protein kinase C phosphorylates a 47Mr protein (Fl) directly related to synaptic plasticity. Brain Research 334, 147–151.Google Scholar
Alexander, K.A., Cimler, B.A., Meier, K.E. & Storm, D.R. (1987). Regulation of calmodulin binding to P–57. A neurospecific cal-modulin binding protein. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 262, 6108–6113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Basi, G.S., Jacobson, R.D., Virag, I., Schilling, J. & Skene, J.H.P. (1987). Primary structure and transcriptional regulation of GAP-43, a protein associated with nerve growth. Cell 49, 785–791.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benowitz, L.I. & Routtenberg, A. (1987). A membrane phosphoprotein associated with neural development, axonal regeneration, phospholipid metabolism, and synaptic plasticity. Trends in Neuroscience 10, 527–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benowitz, L.I. & Schmidt, J.T. (1987). Activity-dependent sharpening of the regenerating retinotectal projection in goldfish: relationship to the expression of growth-associated proteins. Brain Research 417, 118–126.Google Scholar
Benowitz, L.I., Perrone-Blzzozero, N.I. & Finklestein, S.P. (1987). Molecular properties of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 (B–50). Journal of Neurochemistry 48, 1640–1647.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradford, M.M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72, 248–254.Google Scholar
Cragg, B.G. (1975). The development of synapses in the visual system of the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 160, 147–166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Graan, P.N.E., Oestreicher, A.B., Schrama, L.H. & Gispen, W.H. (1986). Phosphoprotein B-50: localization and function. Progress in Brain Research 69, 37–49.Google Scholar
Gispen, W.H., Leunissen, J.L.M., Oestreicher, A.B., Verkleij, A.J. & Zwiers, H. (1985). Presynaptic localization of B-50 phosphoprotein: the (ACTH)-sensitive protein kinase substrate involved in rat brain polyphosphoinositide metabolism. Brain Research 328, 381–385.Google Scholar
Holmes, H. & Rodnight, R. (1981). Ontogeny of membrane-bound protein phosphorylating systems in the rat. Developmental Neuroscience 4, 79–88.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hubel, D.H. & Wiesel, T.N. (1970). The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens. Journal of Physiology (London) 195, 215–243.Google Scholar
Jacobson, R.D., Virag, I. & Skene, J.H.P. (1986). A protein associated with axon growth, GAP-43, is widely distributed and developmentally regulated in rat CNS. Journal of Neuroscience 6, 1843–1855.Google Scholar
Jones, K.R., Spear, P.D. & Tong, L. (1984). Critical periods for effects on monocular deprivation: differences between striate and extrastriate cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 4, 2543–2552.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karns, L.R., Ng, S.-C., Freeman, J.A. & Fishman, M.C. (1987). Cloning of complementary DNA for GAP-43, a neuronal growth-related protein. Science 236, 597–600.Google Scholar
Kosik, K.S., Orecchio, L.D., Bruns, G.A.P., Benowitz, L.I., MacDonald, G.P., Cox, D.R. & Neve, R.L. (1988). Human GAP-43: its deduced amino-acid sequence and chromosomal localization in mouse and human. Neuron 1, 127–132.Google Scholar
Laemmli, U.K. (1970). Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227, 680–685.Google Scholar
Levay, S., Stryker, M.P. & Shatz, C.J. (1978). Ocular dominance columns and their development in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex: a quantitative study. Journal of Comparative Neurology 179, 223–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovinger, D.M. & Routtenberg, A. (1988). Synapse-specific protein kinase C activation enhances maintenance of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus. Journal of Physiology 400, 321–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masure, H.R., Alexander, K.A., Wakim, B.T. & Storm, D.R. (1986). Physicochemical and hydrodynamic characterization of P-57, a neurospecific calmodulin binding protein. Biochemistry 25, 7553–7560.Google Scholar
Meiri, K.F., Pfenninger, K.H. & Willard, M.B. (1986). Growth-associated protein, GAP-43, a polypeptide that is induced when neurons extend axons, is a component of growth cones and corresponds to pp46, a major polypeptide of a subcellular fraction enriched in growth cones. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A. 83, 3537–3541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, G. & Ferres-Torres, R. (1984). Postnatal maturation of non-pyramidal neurons in the visual cortex of the cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 228, 226–244.Google Scholar
Mitchell, D.M. & Timney, B. (1984). Postnatal development of function in the mammalian visual system. In Handbook of Physiology. Section I: The Nervous System, Vol. Ill, Sensory Processes, Part I, ed. Brookhart, J.M., Mountcastle, V.B., Darian-Smith, I. & Geiger, S.R., pp 507–555. Bethesda, Maryland: American Physiological Society.Google Scholar
Ng, S-C., de la Monte, S.M., Conboy, G.L., Karns, L.R. & Fishman, M.C. (1988). Cloning of human GAP-43: growth association and ischemic resurgence. Neuron 1, 133–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Farrell, P.H. (1975). High-resolution two-dimensional electropho-resis of proteins. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 250, 4007–4021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Farrell, P.Z., Goodman, H.M. & O'Farrell, P.H. (1977). High-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of basic as well as acidic proteins. Cell 12, 1133–1142.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oakley, B.R., Kirsch, D.R. & Morris, N.R. (1980). A simplified ultrasensitive silver stain for detecting proteins in polyacrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 105, 361.Google Scholar
Oestreicher, A.B., Van Dongen, C.J., Zwiers, H. & Gispen, W.H. (1983). Affinity-purified anti-B-50 protein antibody: interference with the function of the phosphoprotein B-50 in synaptic plasma membranes. Journal of Neurochemistry 41, 331–340.Google Scholar
Oestreicher, A.B., van Duin, M., Zwiers, H. & Gispen, W.H. (1984). Cross reaction of anti-rat B–50: characterization and isolation of a “B-50 phosphoprotein” from bovine brain. Journal of Neurochemistry 43, 935–943.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olson, C.R. & Freeman, R.D. (1980). Profile of the sensitive period for monocular deprivation in kittens. Experimental Brain Research 39, 17–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenthal, A., Chan, S.Y., Henzel, W., Haskell, C., Kuang, W.-J., Chan, E., Wilxox, J.N., Ullrich, A., Goeddel, D.V. & Routtenberg, A. (1987). Primary structure and mRNA localization of protein Fl, a growth-related protein kinase C substrate associated with synaptic plasticity. EMBO Journal 6, 3641–3646.Google Scholar
Shatz, C.J. & Luskin, M.B. (1986). The relationship between the geniculocortical afferents and their cortical target cells during development of the cat's primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 6, 3655–3668.Google Scholar
Skene, J.H.P. & Willard, M.B. (1981 a). Axonally transported proteins associated with growth in rabbit central and peripheral nervous systems. Journal of Cell Biology 89, 96–103.Google Scholar
Skene, J.H.P. & Willard, M.B. (1981 b). Changes in axonally transported proteins during axon regeneration in toad retinal ganglion cells. Journal of Cell Biology 89, 86–95.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skene, J.H.P., Jacobson, R.D., Snipes, G.J., McGutre, C.B., Norden, J.J. & Freeman, J.A. (1986). A protein induced during nerve growth (GAP-43) is a major component of growth-cone membranes. Science 233, 783–786.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snipes, G.J., Chan, S.Y., McGuire, C.B., Costello, B.R., Norden, J.J., Freeman, J.A. & Routtenberg, A. (1987). Evidence for the coidentification of GAP-43, a growth-associated protein, and Fl, a plasticity-associated protein. Journal of Neuroscience 7, 4066–4075.Google Scholar
Warm, B.T., Alexander, K.A., Masure, H.R., Cimler, B.M., Storm, D.R. & Walsh, K.A. (1987). Amino-acid sequence of P-57, a neurospecific calmodulin-binding protein. Biochemistry 26, 7466–7470.Google Scholar
Winfield, D.A. (1983). The postnatal development of synapses in the different laminae of the visual cortex in the normal kitten and in kittens with eyelid suture. Developmental Brain Research 9, 155–169.Google Scholar
Zwiers, H., Schotman, P. & Gispen, W.H. (1980). Purification and some characteristics of an ACTH-sensitive protein kinase and its substrate protein in rat brain membranes. Journal of Neurochemis-try 34, 1689–1699.Google Scholar