Clustering of response selectivity in the medial superior temporal area of extrastriate cortex in the macaque monkey

Abstract

Ever since being described by Mountcastle (Mountcastle, 1957), columnar organization of sensory cortical areas has provided key leverage into understanding the functional organization of neocortex. Columnar or clusteredThe term column specifically denotes an organization in which groups of neurons with similar properties are extended perpendicularly to the cortical surface. Clustered organization, as used here, is intended to be similar but more general, where the groups of similar neurons need not have any particular geometry. Because of the limits of recording in the alert monkey, these cannot be distinguished in the present work, and the more inclusive term “clustered” will be used. organization of neurons sharing like properties is now known to be widespread, and probably universal in primary sensory areas. Visual cortex in primates consists of a primary area and a large number of secondary areas, which are organized in a manner both hierarchical and parallel (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991; Young, 1993; Young et al., 1995). One major component in the organization of extrastriate visual cortex appears to be the division into dorsal and ventral “streams” of processing (Ungerleider & Mishkin, 1982), each of which is organized hierarchically. Within each, columnar organization exists at early stages, but becomes less clear at higher levels. Columnar organization has been described at the highest level of the ventral stream, inferotemporal cortex (IT, Saleem et al., 1993; Fujita & Fujita, 1996; Tanaka, 1996), but has not been well characterized at the higher levels of the dorsal stream. Hints of such organization are found in the literature (Saito et al., 1986; Lagae et al., 1994), but systematic measurements are needed. In this paper, I report the existence of clustered organization in the medial superior temporal area (MST) of the dorsal stream, which is arguably the highest dominantly visual area on this pathway. I have measured the selectivity of both single- and multiple-unit activity along oblique electrode penetrations through this area to three different kinds of optic flow stimuli, and find that nearby neurons are more similar in their tuning than are more distant ones. This observation documents the existence of some form of clustered organization and supports the importance of this area in the processing of optic flow information.