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From Reading to Rio: Oscar Wilde in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2021

Ross G. Forman Open the ORCID record for Ross G. Forman [Opens in a new window]
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Abstract

This essay examines the reverberations of the Oscar Wilde trials in Brazil, using it to probe how a “widening” of Victorian studies might work and arguing that looking beyond the use nodes of comparison enriches our understanding of the long nineteenth century.

Type
Research Article
Information
Victorian Literature and Culture , Volume 49 , Special Issue 1: Special Issue: The Wide Nineteenth Century , Spring 2021 , pp. 139 - 170
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Copyright
Copyright © The author(s), Cambridge University Press 2021

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References

Works Cited

Don Quixote. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
O Jornal do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
La lanterne: Journal hebdomadaire. Nouméa, New Caledonia, 1885–86. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, JO-5952.Google Scholar
O Paiz. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Reynolds's Newspaper. London.Google Scholar
The Rio Times. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Aguirre, Robert D. Mobility and Modernity: Panama in the Nineteenth-century Anglo-American Imagination. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alves, Jones Figueiredo, Rosenblatt, Paulo, and de Souza, Ailton Alfredo. “Editorial: Special Issue on Brazilian Law Reform.” European Journal of Law Reform 15, no. 2 (2013): 3–5.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia and the World. London: Verso, 1998.Google Scholar
Arrigucci Júnior, Davi, and Balderston, Daniel. Debate on Sylvia Molloy, “Decadentismo e Ideologia: Economias de Desejo na América Hispânica Finissecular.” In Literatura e história na América Latina, edited by Chiappini, Ligia and de Aguilar, Flávio Wolf, 27–33. 2nd ed. São Paulo: Edusp, 2001.Google Scholar
Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. 1989. London: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Banerjee, Sukanya. “Transimperial.” Victorian Literature and Culture 46, nos. 3/4 (2018): 925–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, Sukanya, Fong, Ryan D., and Michie, Helena. “Introduction: Widening the Nineteenth Century.” Victorian Literature and Culture 49, no. 1 (2021).Google Scholar
Braga-Pinto, César. “Eccentrics, Extravagants, and Deviants in the Brazilian Belle Époque, or How João Do Rio Emulated Oscar Wilde.” Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 28, no. 3 (2019): 353–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bristow, Joseph. “The Blackmailer and the Sodomite: Oscar Wilde on Trial.” Feminist Theory 17, no. 1 (2016): 41–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broca, Brito. A vida literária no Brasil, 1900. 1956. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2004.Google Scholar
Cocks, Harry G. “Blackmail.” In The Global Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) History, edited by Chiang, Howard, 1:236–238. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2019.Google Scholar
Cocks, Harry G. Nameless Offences: Homosexual Desire in the Nineteenth Century. London: I. B. Tauris, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocks, Harry G. “Wilde and the Law.” In Oscar Wilde in Context, edited by Powell, Kerry and Raby, Peter, 297–304. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Ed. Talk on the Wilde Side. New York: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Cota, Luiz Gustavo Santos. “Não só ‘para inglês ver’: Justiça, escravidão e abolicionismo em Minas Gerais.” História social 21 (2011): 65–92.Google Scholar
Daly, Suzanne. The Empire Inside: Indian Commodities in Victorian Domestic Novels. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilke, Charles Wentworth. Greater Britain: A Record of Travel in English-Speaking Countries during 1866 and 1867. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1869.Google Scholar
Elfenbein, Andrew. “On the Trials of Oscar Wilde: Myths and Realities.” BRANCH. www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=andrew-elfenbein-on-the-trials-of-oscar-wilde-myths-and-realities#_ftn3.end (accessed 23 Sept. 2019).Google Scholar
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Foldy, Michael S. The Trials of Oscar Wilde: Deviance, Morality, and Late-Victorian Society. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Forman, Ross G. “Nineteenth-century Beefs: British Types and the Brazilian Stage.” Nineteenth-Century Contexts 32, no. 4 (2010): 337–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, Ross G. “Randy on the Rand: Portuguese African Labor and the Discourse of ‘Unnatural Vice’ in the Transvaal in the Early Twentieth Century.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 11, no. 4 (2002): 570–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, Ross G. “Theater of the Impressed: The Brazilian Stage in the Nineteenth Century.” Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies 4/5 (2001): 91–102.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. The Will to Knowledge. Vol. 1 of The History of Sexuality. Translated by Hurley, Robert. London: Penguin, 1978.Google Scholar
Fry, Peter. Para inglês ver: Identidade e política na cultura brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores, 1982.Google Scholar
Green, James N. Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Green, James N, and Ronald Polito. Frescos trópicos: Fontes sobre a homosexualidade masculina no Brasil (1870–1980). Rio de Janeiro: Editora José Olympio, 2004.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Adam J. The Rise of the Penitentiary: Prisons and Punishment in Early America. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Hofmeyr, Isabel. Gandhi's Printing Press: Experiments in Slow Reading. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houlbrook, Matt. Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Kendall A. The New Middle Kingdom: China and the Early American Romance of Free Trade. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Morris B. Sodom on the Thames: Sex, Love, and Scandal in Wilde Times. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Macedo, Francisco Ferraz de. Da prostituição em geral, e em particular em relaçao á cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Prophylaxia da syphilis. Rio de Janeiro: Typographia Academica, 1873.Google Scholar
Marshall, Oliver. “Imagining Brazil: The Recruitment of English Labourers as Brazilian Colonos.” In English-Speaking Communities in Latin America, edited by Marshall, Oliver, 233–59. London: Macmillan, 2000.Google Scholar
Molloy, Sylvia. “The Politics of Posing.” In Hispanisms and Homosexuality, edited by Molloy, Sylvia and Irwin, Robert, 141–60. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molloy, Sylvia. “Too Wilde for Comfort: Desire and Ideology in Fin-de-Siecle Spanish America.” Social Text nos. 31/32 (1992): 187–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puri, Tara. “Indian Objects, English Body: Utopian Yearnings in Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South.” Journal of Victorian Culture 22, no. 1 (2017): 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Racine, Karen. “‘This England and This Now’: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era.” Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (2010): 423–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rappaport, Erika. A Thirst for Empire: How Tea Shaped the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rock, David. “The British of Argentina.” In Settlers and Expatriates, edited by Bickers, Robert, 18–44. Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. 1993. London: Vintage, 1994.Google Scholar
Sapra, Nitin. “The Origins and Role of the Penitentiary in Brazil, Scandinavia, and the United States.” Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 41, no. 3 (2018): 343–60.Google Scholar
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Tendencies. London: Routledge, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinfield, Alan. The Wilde Century: Effeminacy, Oscar Wilde and the Queer Moment. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
“Startling Revelations of the Vice and Immorality in the Chinese Compounds.” [London]: 1906. National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Campus Special Collections, AZP.1987-15.Google Scholar
Traub, Valerie. Thinking Sex with the Early Moderns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Upchurch, Charles. Before Wilde: Sex between Men in Britain's Age of Reform. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. A Ballada do Enforcado. Translated by Elysio de Carvalho. Rio de Janeiro: Edição do Brasil Moderno/Typographia Alinda, 1899.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. A Ballada do Enforcado. Translated by Carvalho, Elysio de. Illustrated by Cavalcanti, Emiliano Di. Rio de Janeiro: Edição da Revista Nacional, 1919.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. Children in Prison and Other Cruelties of Prison Life. London: Murdoch, 1898.Google Scholar
Don Quixote. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
O Jornal do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
La lanterne: Journal hebdomadaire. Nouméa, New Caledonia, 1885–86. Bibliothèque Nationale de France, JO-5952.Google Scholar
O Paiz. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Reynolds's Newspaper. London.Google Scholar
The Rio Times. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.Google Scholar
Aguirre, Robert D. Mobility and Modernity: Panama in the Nineteenth-century Anglo-American Imagination. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alves, Jones Figueiredo, Rosenblatt, Paulo, and de Souza, Ailton Alfredo. “Editorial: Special Issue on Brazilian Law Reform.” European Journal of Law Reform 15, no. 2 (2013): 3–5.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. The Spectre of Comparisons: Nationalism, Southeast Asia and the World. London: Verso, 1998.Google Scholar
Arrigucci Júnior, Davi, and Balderston, Daniel. Debate on Sylvia Molloy, “Decadentismo e Ideologia: Economias de Desejo na América Hispânica Finissecular.” In Literatura e história na América Latina, edited by Chiappini, Ligia and de Aguilar, Flávio Wolf, 27–33. 2nd ed. São Paulo: Edusp, 2001.Google Scholar
Ashcroft, Bill, Griffiths, Gareth, and Tiffin, Helen. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. 1989. London: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
Banerjee, Sukanya. “Transimperial.” Victorian Literature and Culture 46, nos. 3/4 (2018): 925–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banerjee, Sukanya, Fong, Ryan D., and Michie, Helena. “Introduction: Widening the Nineteenth Century.” Victorian Literature and Culture 49, no. 1 (2021).Google Scholar
Braga-Pinto, César. “Eccentrics, Extravagants, and Deviants in the Brazilian Belle Époque, or How João Do Rio Emulated Oscar Wilde.” Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 28, no. 3 (2019): 353–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bristow, Joseph. “The Blackmailer and the Sodomite: Oscar Wilde on Trial.” Feminist Theory 17, no. 1 (2016): 41–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broca, Brito. A vida literária no Brasil, 1900. 1956. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, 2004.Google Scholar
Cocks, Harry G. “Blackmail.” In The Global Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) History, edited by Chiang, Howard, 1:236–238. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2019.Google Scholar
Cocks, Harry G. Nameless Offences: Homosexual Desire in the Nineteenth Century. London: I. B. Tauris, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocks, Harry G. “Wilde and the Law.” In Oscar Wilde in Context, edited by Powell, Kerry and Raby, Peter, 297–304. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Ed. Talk on the Wilde Side. New York: Routledge, 1993.Google Scholar
Cota, Luiz Gustavo Santos. “Não só ‘para inglês ver’: Justiça, escravidão e abolicionismo em Minas Gerais.” História social 21 (2011): 65–92.Google Scholar
Daly, Suzanne. The Empire Inside: Indian Commodities in Victorian Domestic Novels. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dilke, Charles Wentworth. Greater Britain: A Record of Travel in English-Speaking Countries during 1866 and 1867. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1869.Google Scholar
Elfenbein, Andrew. “On the Trials of Oscar Wilde: Myths and Realities.” BRANCH. www.branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=andrew-elfenbein-on-the-trials-of-oscar-wilde-myths-and-realities#_ftn3.end (accessed 23 Sept. 2019).Google Scholar
Faria, Gentil Luiz de. A presença de Oscar Wilde na “Belle Époque” literária brasileira. São Paulo: Editora Pannartz, 1988.Google Scholar
Foldy, Michael S. The Trials of Oscar Wilde: Deviance, Morality, and Late-Victorian Society. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997.Google Scholar
Forman, Ross G. “Nineteenth-century Beefs: British Types and the Brazilian Stage.” Nineteenth-Century Contexts 32, no. 4 (2010): 337–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, Ross G. “Randy on the Rand: Portuguese African Labor and the Discourse of ‘Unnatural Vice’ in the Transvaal in the Early Twentieth Century.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 11, no. 4 (2002): 570–609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forman, Ross G. “Theater of the Impressed: The Brazilian Stage in the Nineteenth Century.” Portuguese Literary and Cultural Studies 4/5 (2001): 91–102.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. The Will to Knowledge. Vol. 1 of The History of Sexuality. Translated by Hurley, Robert. London: Penguin, 1978.Google Scholar
Fry, Peter. Para inglês ver: Identidade e política na cultura brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar Editores, 1982.Google Scholar
Green, James N. Beyond Carnival: Male Homosexuality in Twentieth-Century Brazil. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.Google Scholar
Green, James N, and Ronald Polito. Frescos trópicos: Fontes sobre a homosexualidade masculina no Brasil (1870–1980). Rio de Janeiro: Editora José Olympio, 2004.Google Scholar
Hirsch, Adam J. The Rise of the Penitentiary: Prisons and Punishment in Early America. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992.Google Scholar
Hofmeyr, Isabel. Gandhi's Printing Press: Experiments in Slow Reading. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Houlbrook, Matt. Queer London: Perils and Pleasures in the Sexual Metropolis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Kendall A. The New Middle Kingdom: China and the Early American Romance of Free Trade. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Morris B. Sodom on the Thames: Sex, Love, and Scandal in Wilde Times. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Macedo, Francisco Ferraz de. Da prostituição em geral, e em particular em relaçao á cidade do Rio de Janeiro: Prophylaxia da syphilis. Rio de Janeiro: Typographia Academica, 1873.Google Scholar
Marshall, Oliver. “Imagining Brazil: The Recruitment of English Labourers as Brazilian Colonos.” In English-Speaking Communities in Latin America, edited by Marshall, Oliver, 233–59. London: Macmillan, 2000.Google Scholar
Molloy, Sylvia. “The Politics of Posing.” In Hispanisms and Homosexuality, edited by Molloy, Sylvia and Irwin, Robert, 141–60. Durham: Duke University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molloy, Sylvia. “Too Wilde for Comfort: Desire and Ideology in Fin-de-Siecle Spanish America.” Social Text nos. 31/32 (1992): 187–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puri, Tara. “Indian Objects, English Body: Utopian Yearnings in Elizabeth Gaskell's North and South.” Journal of Victorian Culture 22, no. 1 (2017): 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Racine, Karen. “‘This England and This Now’: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era.” Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (2010): 423–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rappaport, Erika. A Thirst for Empire: How Tea Shaped the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rock, David. “The British of Argentina.” In Settlers and Expatriates, edited by Bickers, Robert, 18–44. Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. 1993. London: Vintage, 1994.Google Scholar
Sapra, Nitin. “The Origins and Role of the Penitentiary in Brazil, Scandinavia, and the United States.” Hastings International and Comparative Law Review 41, no. 3 (2018): 343–60.Google Scholar
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Tendencies. London: Routledge, 1994.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinfield, Alan. The Wilde Century: Effeminacy, Oscar Wilde and the Queer Moment. New York: Columbia University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
“Startling Revelations of the Vice and Immorality in the Chinese Compounds.” [London]: 1906. National Library of South Africa, Cape Town Campus Special Collections, AZP.1987-15.Google Scholar
Traub, Valerie. Thinking Sex with the Early Moderns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Upchurch, Charles. Before Wilde: Sex between Men in Britain's Age of Reform. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. A Ballada do Enforcado. Translated by Elysio de Carvalho. Rio de Janeiro: Edição do Brasil Moderno/Typographia Alinda, 1899.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. A Ballada do Enforcado. Translated by Carvalho, Elysio de. Illustrated by Cavalcanti, Emiliano Di. Rio de Janeiro: Edição da Revista Nacional, 1919.Google Scholar
Wilde, Oscar. Children in Prison and Other Cruelties of Prison Life. London: Murdoch, 1898.Google Scholar