Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T20:35:07.894Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

ANNE BRONTË'S SHAMEFUL AGNES GREY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2013

Katherine Hallemeier*
Affiliation:
Queen's University

Extract

For much of the twentieth century, literary criticism tended to be relatively dismissive of Anne Brontë's novels. While recent scholarship has argued for the complexity of gender and class dynamics in Agnes Grey (1847), there is little consensus as to what, precisely, those dynamics are. Elizabeth Hollis Berry suggests that Agnes “takes charge of her life” (58), and Maria H. Frawley argues that her narrative is a “significant statement of self-empowerment” (116). Maggie Berg and Dara Rossman Regaignon, however, highlight the continued subjugation of Agnes in the course of her narrative. These scholars’ divergent readings demonstrate how Agnes Grey and Agnes Grey can be read both as illustrative of what Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak has famously described as the nineteenth century “female individualist” (307), and as instructive of the social strictures that circumscribed this identity. In this essay, I outline how shame works in and through the novel to bridge these opposing readings.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

WORKS CITED

Bell, Craig A. The Novels of Anne Brontë: A Study and Reappraisal. Great Britain: Merlin, 1992.Google Scholar
Berg, Maggie. “Hapless Dependants”: Women and Animals in Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey.” Studies in the Novel 34.2 (2002): 177–97.Google Scholar
Berry, Elizabeth Hollis. Anne Brontë's Radical Vision: Structures of Consciousness. Victoria: U of Victoria, English Literary Studies, 1994.Google Scholar
Brontë, Anne. Agnes Grey. 1847. London: Penguin, 2004.Google Scholar
Brontë, Charlotte. “Biographical Notice of Ellis and Acton Bell.” Wuthering Heights. By Brontë, Emily. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003. 1521. PrGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, Cheshire. “An Apology for Moral Shame.” Journal of Political Philosophy 12 (2004): 127–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Connor, Steve. “The Shame of Being a Man.” Textual Practice 15 (2001): 211–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eagleton, Terry. Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of the Brontës. 1975. Hampshire: Pulgrave Macmillan, 2004.Google Scholar
Elias, Norbert. The Civilizing Process. 1939. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.Google Scholar
Frawley, Maria H. Anne Brontë. London: Twayne Publishers, 1996.Google Scholar
Hatch, James C. “Disruptive Affects: Shame, Disgust, and Sympathy in Frankenstein.” European Romantic Review 19.1 (2008): 3349. InformaWorld. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manion, Jennifer C. “Girls Blush, Sometimes: Gender, Moral Agency, and the Problem of Shame.” Hyperion 18 (2003): 2141.Google Scholar
Martinsen, Deborah A. Surprised by Shame: Dostoevsky's Liars and Narrative Exposure. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 2003.Google Scholar
Poovey, Mary. “The Anathematized Race: The Governess and Jane Eyre.” Uneven Developments: The Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Probyn, Elspeth. Blush: Faces of Shame. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 2005.Google Scholar
Regaignon, Dara Rossman. “Instructive Sufficiency: Re-reading the Governess Through Agnes Grey.” Victorian Literature and Culture 29.1 (2001): 85108. JSTOR. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. “Three Women's Texts and a Critique of Imperialism.” 1985. In Feminist Postcolonial Theory: A Reader. Ed. Lewis, Reina and Mills, Sara. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 2003. 306–23.Google Scholar
Stolpa, Jennifer M. “Preaching to the Clergy: Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey as a Treatise on Sermon Style and Delivery.” Victorian Literature and Culture 31.1 (2003): 225–40. JSTOR. Web. 19 Jan. 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stout, Janis P. Strategies of Reticence: Silence and Meaning in the Works of Jane Austen, Willa Cather, Katherine Anne Porter, and Joan Didion. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1990.Google Scholar
Tomkins, Silvan. Shame and Its Sisters: A Silvan Tomkins Reader. Ed. Sedwick, Eve Kosofsky and Frank, Adam. Durham: Duke UP, 1995.Google Scholar
Yeazell, Ruth Bernard. Fictions of Modesty: Women and Courtship in the English Novel. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991.Google Scholar