Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 December 2012
This article examines the image of the city and notions of urban management in the discourse of elite groups in Belgrade between 1830 and the late 1860s. It focuses on the negotiation of modernity in heterogeneous cultural spaces, particularly looking at the textual interplay of power, orientalized exoticism and notions of backwardness. These discourses were integral to the processes of managing urban populations and homogenizing the cityscape. The city's specific political situation as a site of dual authority, however, left room for minor acts of contestation which questioned the primacy of exclusion and dispossession as bases for modern urban transformation. This dynamic interplay framed the city as a site of conflict between mutually defining forces of ‘Europeanization’ and ‘backwardness’.
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13 Besides Belgrade, these cities included Smederevo (Semenderi), Šabac, Kladovo (Feth ul-Islam), Užice and Soko.
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17 AS, KK III, 5 May 1823, no. 37.
18 AS, KK III, 18 Sep. 1826, no. 42.
19 Ismail birakčija Knezu Milošu, 6 Feb. 1832, AS, KK XXIX, no. 140, etc. These letters are situated in the Kneževa Kancelarija (Prince's Office) fund of the Archives of Serbia, section no. XXIX Domaći Turci knezu Milošu (Local Turks to Prince Miloš).
20 AS, KK III, 1 Jul. 1825, nos. 592–5 This practice continued well into the 1830s and 1840s.
21 AS, KK III, 12 Jan. 1830, no. 415, also AS, KK III, no. 413.
22 AS, KK III, 1 Mar. 1830, etc. – nos. 419–30.
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32 IAB, UGB, 24 Oct. 1841, K 15, V 759.
33 Ibid., document no. 1776.
34 The distinction between the duties of the Magistrate and the police force was made early in the 1830s. See: IAB, UGB, 18 Jun. 1837, K 1, 240.
35 Rešenje o pravu otkupa zemljišta, 3 Jul. 1839, in Zbornik, 252.
36 Ibid., 255–6, 267.
37 IAB, UGB, 22 May 1840, K 7, F 177.
38 AS, KK VIII, 16 Apr. 1838, no. 699 (1).
39 AS, KK VIII, 21 Apr. 1838, no. 699 (2). The Batal Mosque was near the apex of the Belgrade crag, the furthest spot from both the Sava and the Danube rivers.
40 AS, Državni Savet (State Council) (DS), 14 Mar. 1842, no. 541.
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45 AS, DS, 23 Mar. 1842, no. 550.
46 AS, DS, 20 May 1842, no. 560.
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49 Paton was a British diplomat and traveller who authored several books on the Ottoman territories, including Researches on the Danube and the Adriatic (London, 1861).
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52 Ibid., 42.
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65 Ibid., 174–5. For Spencer, this improvement stems from the ‘air of nobility about this tribe [Servian] of the great Slavonian race’.
66 IAB, UGB, 6 Nov. 1848, K 97, 2988.
67 IAB, UGB, 20 Dec. 1850, K 147, F XVII 2788.
68 IAB, UGB, 17 Aug. 1850, K 142, F XII 2094.
69 IAB, UGB, 11 Jan. 1850, K 124, F I 66.
70 IAB, UGB, 27 Nov. 1845, K 43, 1125.
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74 IAB, UGB, 11 Jun. 1849, K 113, F VII 1383.
75 IAB, UGB, 20 Apr. 1843, K 23, 748.
76 IAB, UGB, 16 Oct. 1850, K 147, F XVII 2760.
77 IAB, UGB, 24 Feb. 1848, K 89, F III 550.
78 IAB, UGB, 5 Aug 1850, K 142, F XII 2041.
79 AS, DS, 18 Nov. 1859, no. 904.
80 AS, DS, 23 Nov. 1859, no. 904 (2).
81 IAB, UGB, 12 Jun. 1840, K 8, F II 290.
82 IAB, UGB, 10 Mar. 1838, K 2, F 182.
83 IAB, UGB, 29 Dec. 1848, K 98, F 3000.
84 IAB, UGB, 25 Aug. 1860, K 488, F XII 287.
85 IAB, UGB, 12 Jul. 1840, K 10, F IV 642.
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89 AS, DS, 29 Aug. 1867, no. 277, and AS, DS, 21 Aug. 1868, no. 342.
90 IAB, UGB, 12 Jun. 1862, K 625, F XXIX 164.
91 IAB, UGB, 28 Jun. 1862, K 631, 139.
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94 IAB, UGB, 20 Apr. 1842, K 17, F II 422.
95 IAB, UGB, 16 Jul. 1847, K 77 F VII 2090.
96 IAB, UGB, 25 Jul. 1847, K 77, F VII 2214.
97 IAB, UGB, 23 Feb. 1850, K 130, F III 573.
98 IAB, UGB, 18 Dec. 1843, no. 2068.
99 IAB, UGB, 19 May 1844, K 30, 216.
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101 Ibid., 13.
102 Ibid., 10, 28.
103 Ibid., 13, 23, 31, 36–7.
104 Ibid., 41.
105 Ibid., 45.
106 AS, DS, 13 Feb. 1869, no. 2.
107 AS, DS, 13 Feb. 1869, no. 2 (fol. 2).
108 In his letter, Deli-Marković also exclaimed: ‘shall not our pride be insulted if our capital should maintain the shape given to her by barbarity? A shape typified by alien custom, alien faith and prejudice, a type of fear and darkness, a type of constrictedness and petty spirit?’