Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T18:27:45.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2012

Henrik Anckarsäter ,
Sebastian Lundström ,
Linnea Kollberg ,
Nora Kerekes ,
Camilla Palm ,
Eva Carlström ,
Niklas Långström ,
Patrik K. E. Magnusson ,
Linda Halldner  and
Sven Bölte
...Show all authors
Henrik Anckarsäter*
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Forensic Psychiatry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences, Forensic Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden
Sebastian Lundström
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Sciences, Forensic Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden Swedish Prison and Probation Service, R&D Unit, Norrköping, Sweden
Linnea Kollberg
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Nora Kerekes
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Forensic Psychiatry, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Swedish Prison and Probation Service, R&D Unit, Norrköping, Sweden
Camilla Palm
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Eva Carlström
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Niklas Långström
Affiliation:
Swedish Prison and Probation Service, R&D Unit, Norrköping, Sweden Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Patrik K. E. Magnusson
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Linda Halldner
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden
Sven Bölte
Affiliation:
Karolinska Institutet Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Stockholm, Sweden Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Christopher Gillberg
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
Clara Gumpert
Affiliation:
Section of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Maria Råstam
Affiliation:
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Professor Henrik Anckarsäter, Forensic Psychiatry, Lillhagsparken 3, 422 05 Hisings Backa, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) is an ongoing longitudinal twin study targeting all twins born in Sweden since July 1, 1992. Since 2004, parents of twins are interviewed regarding the children's somatic and mental health and social environment in connection with their 9th or 12th birthdays (CATSS-9/12). By January 2010, 8,610 parental interviews concerning 17,220 twins had been completed, with an overall response rate of 80%. At age 15 (CATSS-15) and 18 (CATSS-18), twins and parents complete questionnaires that, in addition to assessments of somatic and mental health, include measures of personality development and psychosocial adaptation. Twin pairs in CATSS-9/12 with one or both twins screening positive for autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and/or eating problems have been followed with in-depth questionnaires on family, social environment and personality, and subsequently by clinical assessments at age 15 together with randomly selected population controls, including 195 clinically assessed twin pairs from the first 2 year cohorts (CATSS-15/DOGSS). This article describes the cohorts and study groups, data collection, and measures used. Prevalences, distributions, heritability estimates, ages at onset, and sex differences of mental health problems in the CATSS-9/12, that were analyzed and found to be overall comparable to those of other clinical and epidemiological studies. The CATSS study has the potential of answering important questions on the etiology of childhood mental health problems and their role in the development of later adjustment problems.

Keywords

neuropsychiatrygeneticsepidemiologychildhoodage at onsettwins
Type
Articles
Information
Twin Research and Human Genetics , Volume 14 , Issue 6 , December 2011 , pp. 495 - 508
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

References

Achenbach, T. (1991). Manual for the child behavior checklist 4–18 and 1991 profile. Burlington, VT: Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Anckarsäter, H. (2010). Beyond categorical diagnostics in psychiatry: Scientific and medicolegal implications. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 33, 59–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anckarsäter, H., Ståhlberg, O., Larson, T., Håkansson, C., Jutblad, S., Niklasson, L., Nydén, A., Wentz, E., Westergren, S., Cloninger, C.R., Gillberg, C., & Råstam, M. (2006). The impact of ADHD and autism spectrum disorders on temperament, character, and personality development. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1239–1244.Google Scholar
Anckarsäter, H., Larson, T., Hansson, S.L., Carlstrom, E., Stahlberg, O., Gillberg, C., Råstam, M., Gillberg, I.C., & Lichtenstein, P. (2008a). Child neurodevelopmental and behavioural problems are intercorrelated and dimensionally distributed in the general population. The Open Psychiatry Journal, 2, 5–11.Google Scholar
Anckarsäter, H., Nilsson, T., Saury, J., Råstam, M., & Gillberg, C. (2008b). Autism spectrum disorders in institutionalized subjects. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 160–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Baardewijk, Y., Stegge, H., Andershed, H., Thomaes, S., Scholte, E., & Vermeiren, R. (2008). Measuring psychopathic traits in children through self-report. The development of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Child Version. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 31, 199–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., Saunders, J. B. & Grant, M. (1992). AUDIT, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for use in primary health care. Geneva: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Bailey, A., Le Couteur, A., Gottesman, I., Bolton, P., Simonoff, E., Yuzda, E., & Rutter, M. (1995). Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: Evidence from a British twin study. Psychological Medicine, 25, 63–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, A. H., Bergman, H., Palmstierna, T., & Schlyter, F. (2005). Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in criminal justice and detoxification settings and in a Swedish population sample. European Addiction Research, 11, 22–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biederman, J., Faraone, S.V., Spencer, T.J., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., & Aleardi, M. (2006). Functional impairments in adults with self-reports of diagnosed ADHD: A controlled study of 1001 adults in the community. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 524–540.Google Scholar
Brändström, S., Schlette, P., Przybeck, T. R., Lundberg, M., Forsgren, T., Sigvardsson, S., Nylander, P. O., Nilsson, L. G., Cloninger, R. C., & Adolfsson, R. (1998). Swedish normative data on personality using the Temperament and Character Inventory. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 39, 122–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, C. R., Bohman, M., & Sigvardsson, S. (1981). Inheritance of alcohol abuse. Cross-fostering analysis of adopted men. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 861–868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cloninger, C. R. (1994). The temperament and character inventory (TCI): a guide to its development and use (1st ed.). St. Louis, MO.: Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University.Google Scholar
Coccaro, E. F., Berman, M. E., & Kavoussi, R. J. (1997). Assessment of life history of aggression: Development and psychometric characteristics. Psychiatry Research, 73, 147–157.Google Scholar
Comings, D. E., Himes, J. A., & Comings, B. G. (1990). An epidemiologic study of Tourette's syndrome in a single school district. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 51, 463–469.Google Scholar
Ehlers, S., Gillberg, C., & Wing, L. (1999). A screening questionnaire for Asperger syndrome and other high-functioning autism spectrum disorders in school age children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29, 129–141.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Einarsson, E., Sigurdsson, J. F., Gudjonsson, G. H., Newton, A. K., & Bragason, O.O. (2009). Screening for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and co-morbid mental disorders among prison inmates. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 1–7.Google Scholar
Elliot, D. S., Huizinga, D., & Ageton, S.S. (1985). Explaining delinquency and drug use. Beverly Hills: SageGoogle Scholar
Faraone, S. V., Perlis, R. H., Doyle, A. E., Smoller, J. W., Goralnick, J. J., Holmgren, M. A., & Sklar, P. (2005) Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1313–1323.Google Scholar
Garner, D.M. (1991). Eating Disorder Inventory — 2. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.Google Scholar
Gillberg, C. (2010). The ESSENCE in child psychiatry: Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 31, 1543–1551.Google Scholar
Gillberg, C., & Coleman, M. (1996). Autism and medical disorders: A review of the literature. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 38, 191–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gillberg, C., Gillberg, I.C., Råstam, M., & Wentz, E. (2001). The Asperger Syndrome (and high-functioning autism) Diagnostic Interview (ASDI): A preliminary study of a new structured clinical interview. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 5, 57–66.Google Scholar
Gillberg, I. C., & Gillberg, C. (1989). Asperger syndrome — some epidemiological considerations: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 30, 631–638.Google Scholar
Gilmour, J., Hill, B., Place, M., & Skuse, D.H. (2004). Social communication deficits in conduct disorder: A clinical and community survey. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 45, 967–978.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goodman, R., Ford, T., Richards, H., Gatward, R., & Meltzer, H. (2000). The Development and Well-Being Assessment: Description and initial validation of an integrated assessment of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 41, 645–655.Google Scholar
Granlund, M., Björck-Åkesson, E., Åsbrink, M., & Karlsson, M. (2000). Environments survey. Sweden: Västerås, Mälardalen University.Google Scholar
Hale, W.W., Raaijmakers, Q., Muris, P., & Meeus, W. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) in the general adolescent population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 283–290.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hannelius, U., Gherman, L., Mäkelä, V., Lindstedt, A., Zucchelli, M., Lagerberg, C., Tybring, G., & Lindgren, C. M. (2007). Large-scale zygosity testing using single nucleotide polymorphisms. Twin Research and Human Genetics: The Official Journal of the International Society for Twin Studies, 10, 604–625.Google Scholar
Hansson, S. L., Svanström Röjvall, A., Råstam, M., Gillberg, C., Gillberg, I. C., & Anckarsäter, H. (2005). Psychiatric telephone interview with parents for screening of childhood autism — Tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and other comorbidities (A-TAC): preliminary reliability and validity. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187, 262–267.Google Scholar
Hetherington, E. M. & Clingempeel, W. G. (1992). Coping with marital transitions: A family systems perspective. Monographs of the Society for Research on Child Development, 57, 15–34.Google Scholar
Hirschfeld, R. M., Williams, J. B., Spitzer, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Flynn, L., Keck, P. E., Lewis, L., McElroy, S. L., Post, R. M., Rapport, D. J., Russell, J. M., Sachs, G. S., & Zajecka, J. (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: The Mood Disorder Questionnaire. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 1873–1875.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hofvander, B., Ossowski, D., Lundström, S., & Anckarsäter, H. (2009). Continuity of aggressive antisocial behavior from childhood to adulthood: The question of phenotype definition. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32, 224–234.Google Scholar
Hudziak, J. J., Derks, E. M., Althoff, R. R., Rettew, D. C., & Boomsma, D. I. (2005). The genetic and environmental contributions to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as measured by the Conners' Rating Scales-Revised. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1614–1620.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. H., & McCutcheon, S. (1980). Assessing life stress in older children and adolescents: Preliminary findings with the life events checklist. In Sarason, I. E. & Spielberger, C. D. (Eds.), Stress and anxiety (pp. 111–125). New York: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.Google Scholar
Jokela, M., Ferrie, J., & Kivimäki, M. (2009). Childhood problem behaviors and death by midlife: the British National Child Development Study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 19–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kadesjo, B. (2000). Neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in a young school-age population. Epidemiology and comorbidity in a school health perspective. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg.Google Scholar
Kadesjö, B., Janols, L., Korkman, M., Mickelsson, K., Strand, G., Trillingsgaard, A., & Gillberg, C. (2004). The FTF (Five to Fifteen): The development of a parent questionnaire for the assessment of ADHD and comorbid conditions. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 13, 3–13.Google Scholar
Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Ryan, N. D., & Rao, U. (2000). K-SADS-PL. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 1208.Google Scholar
Kerekes, N., Brändström, S., Ståhlberg, O., Larson, T., Carlström, E., Lichtenstein, P., Anckarsäter, H., & Nilsson, T. (2010). The Swedish version of the parent-rated Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI). Psychological Reports, 107, 715–725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kerr, M., & Stattin, H. (2000). What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: Further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring. Developmental Psychology, 36, 366–380.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Demler, O., Faraone, S., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Jin, R., Secnik, K., Spencer, T., Ustun, T. B., & Walters, E. E. (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): A short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological Medicine, 35, 245–256.Google Scholar
Kim-Cohen, J., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B.J., & Poulton, R. (2003). Prior juvenile diagnoses in adults with mental disorder: developmental follow-back of a prospective-longitudinal cohort. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 709–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larson, T., Anckarsäter, H., Gillberg, C., Ståhlberg, O., Carlström, E., Kadesjö, B., Råstam, M., Lichtenstein, P., & Gillberg, C. (2010). The Autism — Tics, AD/HD and other Comorbidities Inventory (A-TAC): Further validation of a telephone interview for epidemiological research. BMC Psychiatry, 10, 1–11.Google Scholar
Levy, F., Hay, D., Mcstephen, M., Wood, C., & Waldman, I. (1997). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A category or a continuum? Genetic analyses of a large-scale twin study. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 737–744.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lichtenstein, P., Carlström, E., Råstam, M., Gillberg, C., & Anckarsäter, H. (2010). The genetics of autism spectrum disorders and related neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 1357–1363.Google Scholar
Luby, J. L., Svrakic, D.M., McCallum, K., Przybeck, T.R., & Cloninger, C.R. (1999). The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory: preliminary validation of a child self-report measure. Psychological Reports, 84, 1127–1138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lundh, A., Kowalski, J., Sundberg, C.J., Gumpert, C., & Landén, M. (2010). Children's Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) in a naturalistic clinical setting: Inter-rater reliability and comparison with expert ratings. Psychiatry Research, 177, 206–210.Google Scholar
Lundström, S., Haworth, C. M. A., Carlström, E., Gillberg, C., Mill, J., Råstam, M., Hultman, C. M., Ronald, A., Anckarsäter, H., Plomin, R., Lichtenstein, P., & Reichenberg, A. (2010). Trajectories leading to autism spectrum disorders are affected by paternal age: Findings from two nationally representative twin studies. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 51, 850–856.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lundström, S., Chang, Z., Kerekes, N., Gumpert, C.H., Råstam, M., Gillberg, C., Lichtenstein, P., & Anckarsäter, H. (2011). Autistic-like traits and their association with mental health problems in two nation-wide twin cohorts of children and adults. Psychological Medicine, 22, 1–11.Google Scholar
Moos, R. H. & Moos, B. S. (1994). Family Environment Scale manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.Google Scholar
Moruzzi, S., Ogliari, A., Ronald, A., Happé, F., & Battaglia, M. (2011). The nature of covariation between autistic traits and clumsiness: a twin study in a general population sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1665–1674Google Scholar
Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., Xie, G., & Maes, H. H. (2003). Mx statistical modeling (6th ed.) Richmond VA: Department of Psychiatry.Google Scholar
Pavuluri, M. (2007). Parental report version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire for adolescents has good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing bipolar disorder in psychiatric outpatient clinics. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 10, 9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ronald, A., Larsson, H., Anckarsäter, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2011). A twin study of autism symptoms in Sweden. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 1039–1047.Google Scholar
Ronald, A., Happé, F., & Plomin, R. (2008). A twin study investigating the genetic and envioronmental aetiologies of parent, teacher and child ratings of autistic-like traits and their overlap. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 17, 473–483.Google Scholar
Siponmaa, L., Kristiansson, M., Jonson, C., Nydén, A., & Gillberg, C. (2001). Juvenile and young adult mentally disordered offenders: The role of child neuropsychiatric disorders. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 29, 420–426.Google Scholar
Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 38, 15–28.Google Scholar
Spatola, C. A., Fagnani, C., Pesenti-Gritti, P., Ogliari, A., Stazi, M. A., & Battaglia, M. (2007). A general population twin study of the CBCL/6–18 DSM-oriented scales. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 619–627.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stattin, H., & Kerr, M. (2000). Parental monitoring: A reinterpretation. Child Development, 71, 1072–1085.Google Scholar
Svrakic, D. M., Whitehead, C., Przybeck, T. R., & Cloninger, C. R. (1993). Differential diagnosis of personality disorders by the seven-factor model of temperament and character. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 991–999.Google Scholar
Thapar, A., & McGuffin, P. (1998). Validity of the shortened Mood and Feelings Questionnaire in a community sample of children and adolescents: A preliminary research note. Psychiatry Research, 81, 259–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Grootheest, D. S., Cath, D., Hottenga, J. J., Beekman, A. T., & Boomsma, D. I. (2009). Genetic factors underlie stability of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 12, 411–419.Google Scholar