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Can Genetic Factors Explain the Spillover of Warmth and Negativity Across Family Relationships?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2012

Jody M. Ganiban ,
Erica L. Spotts ,
Paul Lichtenstein ,
Gagan S. Khera ,
David Reiss  and
Jenae M. Neiderhiser
Jody M. Ganiban*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, United States of America; Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, United States of America. [email protected]
Erica L. Spotts
Affiliation:
Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, United States of America; Behavioral and Social Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
Paul Lichtenstein
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Gagan S. Khera
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, United States of America.
David Reiss
Affiliation:
Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, United States of America.
Jenae M. Neiderhiser
Affiliation:
Center for Family Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, United States of America.
*
*Address for correspondence: Jody M. Ganiban, Department of Psychology, 2125 G St., N.W, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.

Abstract

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Previous studies indicate that the emotional quality of marital relationships is mirrored in parent–child relationships. We explored the degree to which these associations are explained by genetic and environmental factors. Participants were drawn from the Twin and Offspring Study in Sweden (TOSS), and included 544 female twin pairs (258 monozygotic [MZ], 286 dizygotic [DZ]), and 311 male twin pairs (128 MZ, 183 DZ). The spouses and one adolescent child of each twin also participated in this study. The twins completed self-report measures that assessed their marital quality and their warmth and negativity towards their children. Observational ratings of marital warmth and negativity, and of maternal warmth and negativity were obtained for a subset of female twin pairs (150 MZ, 176 DZ). Selfreported marital satisfaction was associated with self-reported parental warmth and negativity for mothers (rs = .25, -.36) and fathers (rs = .25, -.44). For the observational measures, marital warmth was associated with maternal warmth (r = .42), while marital negativity was associated with maternal negativity (r = .34). On average genetic factors explained nearly half of the covariance between selfreported marital satisfaction and parenting for mothers (48%) and fathers (47%). Genetic factors explained 21% of the covariance between observed marital and maternal warmth, but did not contribute to associations between marital and maternal negativity. These findings indicate that parents' genetically influenced characteristics help shape the emotional climate of the family.

Type
Guest Editorial
Information
Twin Research and Human Genetics , Volume 10 , Issue 2 , 01 April 2007 , pp. 299 - 313
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007