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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 13 January 2005
A well-known painting owned by the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London,Elizabeth I and the Spanish Armada, has long presumed to have been made in around 1588. By examining both internal and contextual evidence, however, this paper establishes that the work instead dates from during the reign of James I. It unpicks the multiple layers of events that are depicted simultaneously within the image, and suggests some of the diverse influences operating on the unidentified artist(s) and unknown patron. Finally, it examines the new purposes for which the work was to be appropriated in the mid-nineteenth century at the time of its presentation to the Apothecaries.
1 In 1996 I was asked by the Society to undertake research into this work and delivered my initial findings as the Society's Gideon de Laune lecture on 29 April 1997. I am extremely grateful to Professor Rodney H. Taylor for inviting me to embark on this project and to Major Charles O'Leary, Colonel Stringer, Dai Williams and Dee Cook of the Society for all their assistance.