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In recent years, the research on the very early universe has shown quite remarkable developments. As is well known, this development was brought about by the introduction of the Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) into cosmology. These theories have not only enabled us to trace the evolution of the Universe back to the very early stage at temperatures of 1016 GeV or higher, but also introduced various new aspects into cosmology, such as baryogenesis, phase transitions and topological defects (monopoles, etc.). In particular, inflation, which grew out of the study of GUT phase transition, is the most important and fascinating outcome.