An Unedited Part of Roger Bacon's ‘Opus Maius’: ‘de Signis’

K. M. Fredborg; Lauge Nielsen; Jan Pinborg

doi:10.1017/S0362152900016093

An Unedited Part of Roger Bacon's ‘Opus Maius’: ‘de Signis’

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 July 2017

K. M. Fredborg ,

Lauge Nielsen and

Jan Pinborg

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K. M. Fredborg: Affiliation:
University of Copenhagen
Lauge Nielsen: Affiliation:
Institute of Greek and Latin Medieval Studies
Jan Pinborg: Affiliation:
Institute of Greek and Latin Medieval Studies

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The tradition of Roger Bacon's Opus maius has many confusing aspects. No single MS contains all parts of the work, and several parts are transmitted separately, out of their original context and in different versions. Several reasons can be given for this confusion. One reason is that Bacon himself incorporated the same material into different projects and on each occasion adjusted the material to its new environment. Similarly, as he informs us, the text of the Opus maius itself was the outcome of several drafts. Another reason is the sheer bulk of the Opus maius. When Bacon sent it off to the pope he had to divide it into four separate volumes.

Type: Articles
Information: Traditio , Volume 34 , 1978 , pp. 75 - 136

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0362152900016093 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © 1978 New York, Fordham University Press

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References

¹ The best-documented exposition of the genesis of the Opus maius is to be found in Crowley, Th., Roger Bacon: The Problem of the Soul in His Philosophical Commentaries (Louvain/Dublin 1950) 42–50.Google Scholar

² Opus minus (ed. Brewer, 321–2): Similiter vero in singulis partibus multae divisiones et capitula, quae secundum se habent dignitatem magnam; sed non respectu eorum quae signavi:… et in tertia de signis, et modis eorum, in vocibus, et sacris et aliis.Google Scholar

³ Further references to this section are found in the treatise on astrology adapted to the Opus maius (ed. Bridges, I 399); cf. Little, (note 4) xvii.Google Scholar

⁴ Part of the Opus tertium. of Roger Bacon (ed. Little, A. G.; Aberdeen 1912) xiv.Google Scholar

⁵ Little, A. G., ‘Roger Bacon's Works,’ in Roger Bacon Essays (collected and edited by Little, A. G.; Oxford 1914) 408.Google Scholar

⁶ Little, A. G. (note 4) xvi; Crowley, (note 1) 45–46.Google Scholar

⁷ The reference in the Compendium studii theologiae to a forty-year-older work (ed. Rashdall, 57) must be to the Summule dialectices (p. 284–87) and not to the De signis, since the problem involved is only briefly touched upon in the De signis (§ 141). If this date is exact, it implies that the Summule were written in Oxford and not in Paris, since Bacon probably returned to Oxford in 1247 (cf. Crowley, 27–32).Google Scholar

⁸ §§50, 52, and 88. He also intended to include something on propositions, especially such which had empty subject-terms (§ 120). This might be a reference to §§ 151–53, but it might also imply something more. Cf. also Compendium studii theologiae (61–2).Google Scholar

⁹ From a short reference in the Compendium (51–52) we can conclude that Bacon intended to use this material again and that the concept of natural signs was pivotal in this scheme.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Rogeri Baconis Moralis philosophia (edd. Delorme, & Massa, xi).Google Scholar

¹¹ Cf. ibid. xxx ff.Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 2} offertus O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 6} sed O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 7} intellectu O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 8} ita ante corr. O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 9} contemptus O et sic saepius; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 10} nullus (?) O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 11} est O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 12} sine O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 13} affectiva O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 14} enim O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 15} affectuum O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 16} effici O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 17} ad intellectum O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 18} et O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 19} similiter O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 21} enim ut ante corr. O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 22} actus ante corr. O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 23} non O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 24} affectus O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 25} dicuntur O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 26} aliquo O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 31} substantia O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 32} sui O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 33} est O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 34} fugit O; Google Scholar

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page 81 note §21 Cf. Bacon, , Opera (ed. Steele, X 275). Lib. De causis XXI (116,68–69).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 35} vanis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 36} intellectus O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 37} minus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 38} est O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 39} circulationem O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 40} decepi O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 41} non O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 42} quae O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 43} vera O: Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 44} imaginatio in : imaginationi O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 45} praedicatam O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 46} intellective O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 47} destinantur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 48} illud O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 49} visui O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 50} eius O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 51} sed O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 52} videmus quod trp. O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 53} per O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 54} aequivocationem O ante corr; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 55} univoce O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 56} Arma, O ante corr. ;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 57} sumitur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 58} praedicamento O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 59} pro O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 60} aut O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 62} inductio O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 65} sumus O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 67} aut O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 68} sicut O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 69} dicit O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 70} sic O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 71} quia O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 74} suppositis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 75} ideo O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 76} et O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 77} sunt Italica O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 78} quandoque O; Google Scholar

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page 81 note §50 postea: cf. introduction p. 80.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 79} quod O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 80} secundus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 81} contra O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 82} prima O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 84} quia O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 85} praedicamenta O; Google Scholar

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page 81 note §60 Arist. Metaph. VI 1025bl4. Google Scholar

page 81 note §61 Arist. Metaph. X 1054a16–17.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 86} omnes O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 87} vel O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 88} ex O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 89} sit O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 90} respondere O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 91} causa O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 92} extra ponatur consequens O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 93} utatur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 94} ideo (= io) O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 95} sit O;Google Scholar

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page 81 note §67 Averroes Metaph. IV c.3 (ed. Iunt.; VIII 67vG); X c.8 (ed. Iunt.; VIII 257rE). Google Scholar

page 81 note §68 Cf. Bacon, , Opus Maius (56). Bacon, Com. nat. (ed. Steele III 143-4). Averroes, Metaph. IV c.3 (ed. Iunt.; VIII 67rD). Averroes, Metaph. V c.19 (ed. Iunt.; VIII 126vH-L). Averroes, Phys. IV c. 9 (ed. Iunt.; IV 214vL). Averroes, Phys. IV c.97 (ed. Iunt.: IV 178rB). Averroes, Phys. VIII c.11-12 (ed. Iunt.; IV 246vff). Arist. Phys. VIII 251a10, 28. Arist. Phys. IV 219a23, cf. Metaph. V 1018b21-26. Arist. Metaph. I 982b3; II 994b17-20. Arist. GC II 337b21; II 332b30-31. Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 96} quod O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 97} qualitatum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 98} affirmavi O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 98a} dicat O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 99} instructa O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 100} uno modo O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 101} murum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 102} lectio incerta O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 103} manifestius O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 104} et O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 105} significantis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 106} hoc O ante corr. ;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 107} nunc O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 108} quorumlibet O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 109} et O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 110} circulationes O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 111} est O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 112} significans O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 113} modus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 114} cum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 115} formale O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 116} in illo O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 117} corurectione O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 118} non O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 119} usu O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 120} per tactum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 121} pars O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 122} omne O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 123} per O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 124} quinque bis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 125} assignatum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 126} vocabilis O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 127} prime O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 128} ad non trp. O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 129} coniuncto O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 130} non O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 131} desinari O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 132} decendo O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 133} est O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 134} determinato O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 135} consuetorum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 136} subiecto O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 137} sive O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 138} homo O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 139} supponit O; Google Scholar

page 81 note §95 Cf. Bacon, , Sum. Dial. (282,8 f.).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 140} infinitas O;Google Scholar

page 81 note §97 cf. Bacon, , Sum. Dial. (281, 10–14).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 141} cum significatis — praedicatorum iter. O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 142} alias O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 143} anologicae O et sic saepius ;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 144} primae O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 145} secundum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 146} quid O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 147} ultimam O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 148} diversitas O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 149} aequivocationis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 150} quod O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 151} considerantur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 152} aequivocationem O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 153} nec O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 154} singulas O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 158} aliquod O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 159} significati O: Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 160} in O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 161} alium O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 162} dico O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 163} sed bis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 164} tamen O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 165} non O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 166} dictum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 167} universalibus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 168} ex O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 169} actionis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 170} formale O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 171} secundum O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 172} voce O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 173} imponimus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 174} sunt O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 175} sunt O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 176} generalissima O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 177} utrum O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 180} vel O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 183} per O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 184} fatere O;Google Scholar

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page 81 note §119 Cr. Bacon, , Com. Nat. (ed. Steele 96-97); Opera (ed. Steele XI 156-58). Arist. APo. I 87b29-33.Google Scholar

page 81 note §120 suo loco: cf. introduction p. 80 with note 8.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 185} aliquando O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 186} significa O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 187} sicut O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 188} omnia per inv. O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 189} innata O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 190} hoc O;Google Scholar

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page 81 note §122 Cf. Bacon, , Opera (ed. Steele X 179-180).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 191} principia O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 192} ens O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 193} ex O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 194} nec O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 195} cognoscatur O;Google Scholar

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page 81 note §127 Averroes, Metaph. V c.14 (ed. Iunt.; VIII 117rA-F); Metaph. VIII c.7 (ed. Iunt.; VIII 215vG-K).Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 197} adhuc O ante corr. ;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 198} hominis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 199} derivatio O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 200} res O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 201} sicut O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 202} homo O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 203} operatio O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 204} dicto O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 205} necessaria O;Google Scholar

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page 81 note §129–133 Cf. Bacon, , Comp. Stud. Theol. (ed. Rashdall 46-47).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 207} significati O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 208} removetur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 209} sive O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 210} ullius O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 211} sed O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 212} unus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 213} ea O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 214} universale O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 215} potant O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 216} nasciturus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 217} sumpta O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 218} unitate O; Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 219} resistentis O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 220} aut O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 221} similiter O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 222} significatur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 223} vel O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 224} nulla O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 225} ponunt O;Google Scholar

page 81 note §141 Cf. Bacon, , Sum. Dial. (234-35; 284-87).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 225a} dictionis O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 226} alteram O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 227} sequitur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 228} trinum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 229} imaginem O;Google Scholar

page 81 note §145 Boethius, De Div. (PL 64 889D).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 230} cognosceremur O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 231} vera O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 231a} quod ibi inv. O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 232} significatum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 233} subiecta O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 234} vera ratio o;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 235} nomen infantibus : homo instantiam O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 236} causa O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 237} sapientibus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 238} sicut O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 239} Si vero: sed O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 240} quasi O;Google Scholar

page 81 note §156 Cf. Bacon, , Opera (ed. Steele X 96-97).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 241} nomen O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 242} licet O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 243} accidit in O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 244} vocibus O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 245} quantum O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 246} existentis O; § 162 Arist. Metaph. VII 1032b12–14.Google Scholar

page 81 note §162 Arist. Metaph. VII 1032b12–14.Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 247} certamen O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 248} significatio O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 249,251} et Boethius — naturalis iter. O; Google Scholar

page 81 note §165 Boethius, Com. Mai. s. De Int. (ed. Meiser, 20, 17 ff.). Arist. De Int. 16a3-4. Prisc. XI ii 7 (GL II 552, 2).Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 252} enuntiare O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 253} intendunt O;Google Scholar

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^{page 81 note 255} sustentivi O; Google Scholar

page 81 note §166 Arist. De Int. 16a3–4, Boethius, Com. Mai. s. De Int. (ed. Meiser 20, 17 ff.). Arist. De Int. 16a19 ff. Boethius, Com. Mai. s. De Int. (ed. Meiser 39, 9; 21, 18; 26 ff.).Google Scholar

page 81 note §167 Prisc. XIii 7 (GL II 552,2).Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 256} sustentivati O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 257} propositio O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 258} compositam O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 259} consideratae O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 259a} consequens O; Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 260} in O;Google Scholar

^{page 81 note 261} extraponi O.Google Scholar

page 81 note §171 Cf. Bacon, , Opera (ed. Steele. X 204-5). Arist. De Int. 21a17, 30.Google Scholar

page 81 note §172 Averroes, Metaph. VII c.18 (cd. lunt.: VIII 167vH).Google Scholar

page 81 note §173 Arist. Top. VI 144a32–38. Cf. Arist. SE 181b25 ff. Averroes, Metaph. VII c.18 (ed. Iunt; VIII 167vH). Cf. Bacon, Opera (ed. Steele XIV 197, 28 ff; X 205, 16 ff.).Google Scholar

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