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Nation and Class in the Karaghiozis History Performance
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 July 2009
Extract
Karaghiozis—Greek shadow puppet theatre—is a performance which developed in Greece over a period of a hundred fifty years, using local character types, costumes, and dialects, folk anecdotes, contemporary events, topical humor, themes and motifs of classical, hellenistic, and Byzantine origin, Greek legends, songs, and dances. It is modelled on a fourteenth-century Turkish prototype, Karagoz, which itself finds its roots in fool lore and the classical mime (the dominant form of entertainment in the eastern empire from the fourth century B.C. to 1400 A.D.). The Turkish performance was introduced into occupied Greece possibly as early as the seventeenth century (the time of the consolidation of the Turkish hold over Greece). It had certainly appeared by 1809, at which time the traveller John Hobhouse records the earliest known date of the Turkish performance in Greece.
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- Copyright © American Society for Theatre Research 1978
References
1 Hobhouse, John C., A Journey Through Albania and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople During the Years 1809 and 1810 (Philadelphia, 1817), I, 159–160Google Scholar.
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7 The hunch-backed, bald-headed fool hero was a phallophoric figure in Turkish Karagoz until the nineteenth century. The phallus was replaced in Greek Karaghiozis sometime in the early part of the nineteenth century with a long arm articulated in several places.
8 Philaretos, Giorgios, Euvoia, No. 198, 1 Nov. 1879, p. 4Google Scholar, as quoted in Spyros Kokkines, Antikarankiozes (Athens, 1975), p. 7.
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12 Ibid.
13 Ibid., p. 13.
14 Pharai, No. 53, 23 June 1896, p. 3, in Kokkines, p. 16, note 11; see also Pharai, No. 51, 9 June 1896, p. 2, in Kokkines, pp. 15–16, note 11.
15 Phouros. No. 264, 7 Nov. 1900, p. 2, in Kokkines, p. 13.
16 Phos. No. 9, 24 June 1901, p. 1, in Kokkines, p. 14.
17 See Phos. No. 85, 20 May 1901, p. 2; and Phos, No. 94, 17 June 1901, p. 2, in Kokkines, p. 14.
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20 Moustaka, Giannes, O Karankiozes Omeros sto Chaidari kai ste Germania (Athens, [1945])Google Scholar. Moustaka's play is the only surviving printed text of an occupation performance. One tape survives; Avraam, Sta Nichia tou Gestampo (In the Claws of the Gestapo), recorded by Mario Rinovolucri in 1969, for the Parry Collection, Center for the Study of Oral Literature, Widener Library, Harvard University.
21 “O Karankiozes ston Polemo kai sten Antistase,” Epitheorese Technes, 22 (1965), 270–272Google Scholar.
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26 Phone tes Patridos, 16 January 1949, as quoted by Thanases Photiades, “O Karankiozes Makronesiotes,” Anti, 10 January 1976, p. 29.
27 Spathares, p. 117.
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29 Thessaloniki in northern Greece had a sizeable population of eastern Jews which the Germans removed to camps for extermination.
30 Ianaros, Markos Botsares, Parry Collection, 1969.