Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 July 2017
When Charles Darwin wrote that “Our classifications will come to be, as far as they may be so made, genealogies…we have to discover and trace the many diverging lines of descent in our natural genealogies by characters…which have long been inherited” (Darwin, 1859), he presciently laid down aims and objectives of systematics that have become attainable only since the development of genetics and of molecular approaches to systematics. Genetics elucidates the heredity of characters; molecular systematics measures the degrees of relationship between diverging lineages (Griffiths et al., 1993; Page and Holmes, 1998; Graur and Li, 2000). This article attempts to review these essential aids to the art and science of brachiopod classification as they stand today. Every step so far taken to promote molecular approaches to brachiopod systematics has yielded new, unexpected, and valuable information, but there remains massive scope for new work and new workers.