Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:15:48.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘Modernising’ Employment Standards? Administrative Efficiency and the Production of the Illegitimate Claimant in Ontario, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

Mary Gellatly
Affiliation:
Community Legal Worker, Parkdale Community Legal Services
John Grundy
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto
Kiran Mirchandani
Affiliation:
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto
J. Adam Perry
Affiliation:
Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto
Mark P. Thomas
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto
Leah F. Vosko
Affiliation:
York University, Toronto
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In October 2010, the provincial government of Ontario, Canada enacted the Open for Business Act (OBA). A central component of the OBA is its provisions aiming to streamline the enforcement of Ontario’s Employment Standards Act (ESA). The OBA’s changes to the ESA are an attempt to manage a crisis of employment standards (ES) enforcement, arising from decades of ineffective regulation, by entrenching an individualised enforcement model. The Act aims to streamline enforcement by screening people assumed to be lacking definitive proof of violations out of the complaints process. The OBA therefore produces a new category of ‘illegitimate claimants’ and attributes administrative backlogs to these people. Instead of improving the protection of workers, the OBA embeds new racialised and gendered modes of exclusion in the ES enforcement process.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2011

Footnotes

1

Alphabetical authorship reflects equal contribution.

References

Agocs, C., Osborne, B. (2009) ‘Comparing equity policies in Canada and Northern Ireland: Policy learning in two directions?’, Canadian Public Policy, 35(2), pp. 237262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, P. (1996) ‘The feminization of the labour force: Harmonizing down in a global economy’ in Bakker, I. (ed.) Rethinking Restructuring: Gender and Change in Canada, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, pp. 2954.Google Scholar
Befort, S. F., Budd, J. W. (2009) Invisible Hands, Invisible Objectives: Bringing Workplace Law and Public Policy into Focus, Stanford Economics and Finance, Stanford.Google Scholar
Belzer, M. (2000) Sweatshops on Wheels: Winners and Losers in Trucking Deregulation, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brodie, J. (2007) ‘Reforming social justice in neoliberal times’, Studies in Social Justice, 1(2), pp. 93107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Budd, J. W. (2004) ‘Achieving decent work by giving employment a human face’, International Labour Office, Geneva.Google Scholar
Canada Industrial Relations Board (2009) Departmental performance report, available: http://www.cirb-ccri.gc.ca/download-telechargement/dpr_2008-2009_e.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Canadian Federation of Independent Business (2010a) Prosperity restricted by red tape, Toronto, Second edition.Google Scholar
Canadian Federation of Independent Business (2010b) CFIB welcomes Ontario’s early steps to tackle the $11 billion ‘red tape’ monster, available: http://www.cfib-fcei.ca/english/media_centre/ontario/222-regulation_paperburden/1870-cfib_welcomes_ontario_s_early_steps_to_tackle_the_11_billion_%E2%80%9Cred_tape%E2%80%9D_monster.html [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Cranford, C., Vosko, L. F. (2006) ‘Conceptualising precarious employment: Mapping wage work across social location and occupational context’ in Vosko, L. F. (ed.) Precarious Employment: Understanding Labour Market Insecurity, McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal and Kingston, pp. 4366.Google Scholar
Creese, G. (2007) ‘Racializing work/reproducing white privilege’ in Shalla, V., Clement, W (eds) Work and Labour in Tumultuous Times: Critical Perspectives, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal and Kingston, pp. 192226.Google Scholar
Crispino, L. (2010) Ontario Chamber of Commerce Letter to William Short, Re: Bill 68, Open for Business Act, 2010, 4 August 2010, available: http://occ.on.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Bill-68-Open-for-Business-Act2.pdf [accessed 10 June 2011].Google Scholar
Diefenbach, T. (2009) ‘New public management in public sector organizations: The dark sides of managerialistic “enlightenment”’, Public Administration, 87(4), pp. 892909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutil, P., Saunders, R. (2005) ‘New approaches in achieving compliance with statutory employment standards', Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., available: http://www.cprn.org/documents/37835_en.pdf [accessed 7 June 2011].Google Scholar
Employment Standards Work Group (2004) Proposed ESA Enforcement Strategy to Minister’s Employment Standards Action Group, Toronto.Google Scholar
Fudge, J. (1991) ‘Reconceiving employment standards legislation: Labour law’s little sister and the feminization of labour’, Journal of Law and Social Policy, 7, pp. 7389.Google Scholar
Fudge, J. (2001) ‘Flexibility and feminization: The new Ontario Employment Standards Act’, Journal of Law and Social Policy, 16, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Fudge, J., Vosko, L. F. (2001) ‘Gender and segmentation: The standard employment relationship in Canadian labour law, legislation and policy’, Economic and Industrial Democracy, 22(2), pp. 271310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, S., Vosko, L. F. (2008) ‘Temporary employment and social inequality in Canada: Exploring intersections of gender, race and immigration status’, Social Indicators Research, 88, pp. 3150.Google Scholar
Galabuzi, G.-E. (2006) Canada’s Economic Apartheid: The Social Exclusion of Racialized Groups in the New Century, Canadian Scholars Press Inc., Toronto.Google Scholar
Giroux, H. (2008) Against the Terror of Neoliberalism: Politics Beyond the Age of Greed, Paradigm Publishers, London.Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. T. (2007) Neoliberalizing race. Macalester Civic Forum, 1(1), pp. 77100, available: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/maccivicf/vol1/iss1/14 [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Goldberg, D. T. (2009) The Threat of Race: Reflections on Racial Neoliberalism, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Gorrie, P. (2003) ‘Focus falls on Rogers over ethics: Haven't been paid their work service workers say’, Toronto Star, 30 May 2003, p. B03.Google Scholar
Gorrie, P. (2004) ‘Immigrants take a stand for money they earned: 63,000 owed $214 million, group says; Changes coming labour minister vows’, Toronto Star, 29 May 2004, p. C15.Google Scholar
Gray, G. (2009) ‘The responsibilization strategy of health and safety: Neo-liberalism and the reconfiguration of individual responsibility for risk’, British Journal of Criminology, 49, pp. 326342.Google Scholar
Jackson, A. (2005) Work and Labour in Canada: Critical Issues, Canadian Scholars Press, Toronto.Google Scholar
Legislative Assembly of Ontario (2009a) Official report of debates (Hansard), first session, 39th parliament, no. 110 (18 Feb.), Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Toronto, available: http://www.ontla.on.ca/house-proceedings/transcripts/files_pdf/18-FEB-2009_L110.pdf [accessed 14 June 2011].Google Scholar
Legislative Assembly of Ontario (2009b) Official report of debates (hansard), first session, 39th parliament, no. 139 (23 April), Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Toronto, available: http://www.ontla.on.ca/house-proceedings/transcripts/files_pdf/23-APR-2009_L139.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
McCallum, R. (2005) ‘Plunder downunder: Transplanting the Anglo-American labor law model to Australia’, Comparative Labor Law and Policy Journal, 26(3), pp. 381400.Google Scholar
Mirchandani, K., Ng, R., Coloma-Moya, N., Maitra, S., Rawlings, T., Shan, H., Siddiqui, K., Slade, B. (2011) ‘The entrenchment of racial categories in precarious employment’ in Pupo, N., Glenday, D., Duffy, A. (eds) The Shifting Landscape of Work, Nelson Educational Ltd., Toronto, pp. 119138.Google Scholar
Mitchell, E. (2003) ‘The Employment Standards Act 2000: Ontario opts for efficiency over rights’, Canadian Labour and Employment Law Journal, 10(2), pp. 269286.Google Scholar
Modesitt, N. (2010) ‘Reinventing the EEOC’, Southern Methodist University Law Review, 63(4), pp.12371278.Google Scholar
Moore, G. (Former B.C. Ministry of Labour Program Advisor) (2010) Personal Communication, 3 March, 2010.Google Scholar
Morrow, A. (2011) ‘What price for law and order? Experts, policy-makers call for a rethinking of policing in Canada as crime rates drop and police budgets soar’, The Globe and Mail, 8 January 2011, p. A4.Google Scholar
OECD (2002) The evolution of regulatory policy in OECD countries, available: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/24/10/41882845.pdf [accessed 16 December 2010].Google Scholar
Office of the Provincial Auditor of Ontario (2004) 2004 annual report of the Provincial Auditor of Ontario, VFM section 3.09, employment rights and responsibilities program, available: http://www.auditor.on.ca/en/reports_en/en04/309en04.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ong, A. (2006) Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty, Duke University Press, Durham and London.Google Scholar
Ontario, (2000) Employment Standard Act.Google Scholar
Ontario, (2008) Breaking the cycle: Ontario’s poverty reduction strategy, available: http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/documents/breakingthecycle/Poverty_Report_EN.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario, (2009) Employment Standard Act (Temporary Help Agencies).Google Scholar
Ontario, (2010) Open for Business Act.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (1987) Working times: The report of the Ontario task force on hours of work and overtime, Toronto.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2004a) ‘New legislation and beefed up enforcement reaches out to vulnerable workers', 26 April 2004 Press Release, available: http://news.ontario.ca/archive/en/2004/04/26/McGuinty-government-acts-to-protect-workers.html [accessed 9 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2004b) ‘Minister’s action group to move quickly on employment standards issues', 10 June, Press release.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2006) Employment Practices Branch 2005–06 fiscal year report.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2008a) Results-based plan 2008–09, available: http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/about/pdf/rbp_08-09.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2008b) Employment standards procedures manual (Chapter 5: Investigations).Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2009a) McGuinty Government makes it easier for Ontario workers to understand their rights, unveils new multilingual brochures on employment standards, available: http://news.ontario.ca/archive/en/2004/10/25/McGuinty-Government-Makes-It-Easier-For-Ontario-Workers-To-Understand-Their-Righ.html [accessed 2 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2009b) Results-based plan 2009–10, available: http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/about/pdf/rbp_09-10.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2010a) Ontario is open for business: McGuinty Government’s proposed act will deliver results for business, available: http://news.ontario.ca/medt/en/2010/05/ontario-is-open-for-business.html [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2010b) Employment standards task force, available: http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/es/pubs/is_estf.php [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2010c) Focus group on improvements to the employment standards claim form and guide, Employee & Advisor’s Focus Group, 10 May 2010.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2011a) Employment standards, available: http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/es/ [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Labour (2011b) Ontario promotes workplace fairness, available: http://www.labour.gov.on.ca/english/news/bg_escampaign.php [accessed 9 June 2011].Google Scholar
Perry, A. (2003) ‘Salesman cut out by contracting out; wants Rogers to pay commission cable giant blames ex-subcontractor’, The Toronto Star, 3 Feb 2003, p.B01.Google Scholar
Roberts, D. J., Mahtani, M. (2010) ‘Neoliberalizing race, racing neoliberalism: Placing ‘race’ in neoliberal discourses’, Antipode 42(2), pp. 248257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, D. (2011) ‘Politicized performance monitoring: The effect of civil service reform on case processing in the NLRB regional offices’, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(7), pp. 112.Google Scholar
Severinson, P (2010) ‘Controversy in B.C. employment standards’, BC Business June 2010, available: http://www.bcbusinessonline.ca/bcb/top-stories/2010/06/09/controversy-bc-employment-standards [accessed 13 June 2011].Google Scholar
Sharma, N. (2006) Home Economics: Nationalism and the Making of ‘Migrant Workers' in Canada, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.Google Scholar
Standing, G. (1999) Global Labour Flexibility: Seeking Distributive Justice, MacMillan, London.Google Scholar
Thomas, M. (2009) Regulating Flexibility: The Political Economy of Employment Standards, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal & Kingston.Google Scholar
Tombs, S., Whyte, D. (2010) ‘A deadly consensus: Worker safety and regulatory degradation under New Labour’, British Journal of Criminology 50(1), pp. 4665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Star, Toronto (2007) ‘Editorial: Protect Ontario’s poorest workers’, The Toronto Star 2 June 2007, p. A6.Google Scholar
Vosko, L. F. (2000) Temporary Work: The Gendered Rise of a Precarious Employment Relationship, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vosko, L. F. (ed.) (2006) Precarious Employment: Understanding Labour Market Insecurity in Canada, McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal and Kingston.Google Scholar
Vosko, L. F. (2010a) Managing the Margins: Gender, Citizenship and the International Regulation of Precarious Employment, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Vosko, L. F. (2010b) ‘A new approach to regulating temporary agency work in Ontario or back to the future?’, Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 65(4), pp. 632653.Google Scholar
Wacquant, L. (2009) Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity, Duke University Press, Durham and London.Google Scholar
Wilton, R. (2005) ‘Working at the margins: Disabled people in precarious employment’ in Pothier, D., Devlin, R. (eds) Critical Disability Theory, University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, pp. 129150.Google Scholar
Workers' Action Centre (2007) Working on the edge, available: http://www.workersactioncentre.org/Documents/pdfs%20policy/Working%20on%20the%20Edge-May%202007.pdf [accessed 29 March 2011].Google Scholar
Workers' Action Centre and Parkdale Community Legal Services (2010) Submission to the Standing Committee on Finance and Economic Affairs regarding Schedule 9, Bill 68, an Act to Promote Ontario as Open for Business by Amending or Appealing Certain Acts, available: http://www.workersactioncentre.org/!docs/sb_Bill68_eng.pdf [accessed 8 June 2011].Google Scholar